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Occupational cancers account for a major part of cancers. So far, various occupational factors have been recognized as a risk factor involved in the development of different occupational cancers. Prostate cancer is one of the cancers on which various studies have been carried out to examine the role of occupational exposures. The studies have introduced numerous occupational factors and jobs regarding this cancer. The results of studies in this regard have some contradictions. In this short review, occupational risk factors in the development of occupational cancers have been studied. The focus of this study is mainly on the factors, while occupations have not been examined in depth.

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Background: Regarding the operating room's sensitivity and performing various invasive procedures, it is important to investigate the relationship between occupational fatigue and the occurrence of medical errors. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between occupational fatigue and medical errors among surgical technologists. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in operating rooms of hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The research population included 141 surgical technologists selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and nursing errors in the operating room questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: 82.2% of surgical technologists had moderate to severe fatigue. Non-compliance with the sterile technique with a 49.6% incidence rate was the most frequent error among participants. The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of medical errors among surgical technologists with mental fatigue (r =0.160, P=0.04) and reduced motivation (r =0.185, P=0.02). Conclusion: The level of mental fatigue and reduced motivation among surgical technologists was directly related to the level of the incidence of medical errors. Therefore, it is recommended to implement effective programs to adjust and decrease mental fatigue and increase motivation to improve surgical technologists' performance.

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Background: Noise pollution is a serious issue in hospitals, especially in emergency departments where high noise levels from emergency patients and treatments can negatively affect medical personnel and patients. This study aimed to measure noise levels during day and night shifts in three major hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Imam Khomeini, Shariati, and Sina hospitals) and investigate the level of annoyance experienced by medical staff. Methods: In this cross-sectional studyTES-1351B sound level meter was used to measure sound pressure levels and the measurement stations were determined according to ISO 9612 standard. A general questionnaire was used to determine demographic characteristics. Also, by a valid self-reporting questionnaire, the feeling about environmental noise intensity and noise annoyance was measured. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software using ANOVA and t-test. Results: The average sound pressure level in the emergency departments of the studied hospitals was 67.940±7.70 dB. Significant differences were found between morning and evening shift noise levels. (p-value=0.001). The highest average sound pressure level occurred during the evening shift with an average of 72.382±4.35 db. Also, there was a significant difference between the feeling about environmental noise intensity and noise annoyance in Imam Khomeini and Sinai hospitals respectively, (p-value=0.037) (p-value=0.011). Conclusion: The study concludes that noise pollution in the emergency departments of these hospitals needs attention. Implementing administrative and technical-engineering measures to reduce noise pollution is essential to enhance the well-being of medical staff and patients and ensure a more satisfactory healthcare environment.