<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Archives of Occupational Health</title>
<title_fa>آرشیو بهداشت حرفه ای</title_fa>
<short_title>AOH</short_title>
<subject>Basic Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2588-3070</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2588-3690</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1402</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2023</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>7</volume>
<number>1</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>ارزیابی ریسک حمل دستی بار و شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی و عضلانی در بین کارگران شاغل در شالی‌کوبی‌های شمال ایران</title_fa>
	<title>Risk of Manual Handling and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Rice Mill Workers in Northern Iran</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;مقدمه:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; امروزه بخش &amp;nbsp;عظیمی &amp;nbsp;از فعالیت&#8204;های &amp;nbsp;مرتبط با کار به&#8204;صورت حمل دستی انجام می&#8204;شود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;که این &amp;nbsp;امر موجب افزایش شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی - عضلانی مرتبط باکار &amp;nbsp;می گردد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;ارزیابی ریسک حمل دستی بار و همچنین میزان شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی در بین کارگران شاغل در شالی&#8204;کوبی&#8204;های شمال کشور انجام گرفت.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;روش بررسی:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی بر روی 100 نفر از کارگران شاغل در ۳۶&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;شالی&#8204;کوبی&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;استان گیلان به روش سرشماری ساده انجام شد. به منظور تعیین میزان شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی - عضلانی از پرسشنامه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;Nordic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و جهت ارزیابی ریسک فعالیت های مربوطه از &lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk115079214&quot;&gt;معادله&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;NIOSH&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;، جداول &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Snook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; ، روش های ارزیابی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;KIM-LHC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;MAC&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;استفاده شد. در نهایت داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Spss23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و آزمو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;ن&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Chi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;square &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;یافته ها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; نتایج نشان داد میزان شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی - عضلانی در اندام های تحتانی بالا است. مقایسه ارزیابی وظایف بلند کردن &lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk115213860&quot;&gt;بار&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;به روش های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk115212563&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;KIM-LHC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;MAC Lifting&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و ارزیابی وظایف حمل بار به روش های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;MAC&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk115212758&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Carrying&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Snook Carrying&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;به ترتیب حاکی از معناداری ارتباط آن ها بود (0/001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; p=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و0/002&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;)و همچنین بین روش &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;NIOSH&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و دو روش &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;KIM-LHC&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;MAC Lifting&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;ارتباط معناداری وجود نداشت(0/102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;p=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و0/28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span bnazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; p=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;نتیجه گیری: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی ریسک توسط روش&#8204;های مختلف نزدیک بوده و گویای آسیب&#8204;زا و خطرناک بودن شرایط محیط کار در شالی&#8204;کوبی&#8204;های موردمطالعه می&#8204;باشد؛ بنابراین، انجام اقدامات کنترلی مهندسی و مدیریتی جهت بهبود شرایط کار ضروری است.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span 47=&quot;&quot; cn=&quot;&quot; lt=&quot;&quot; std=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; univers=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;Background: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span adobe=&quot;&quot; garamond=&quot;&quot; pro=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;Nowadays, a large proportion of work-related activities are performed manually, which has led to an increase in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aims to assess the risk of manual material handling (MMH) and estimate the prevalence of MSDs among workers in rice mills in the northern part of the country. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span 47=&quot;&quot; cn=&quot;&quot; lt=&quot;&quot; std=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; univers=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span adobe=&quot;&quot; garamond=&quot;&quot; pro=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt; The study was conducted on 100 workers employed in 36 rice mills in Gilan Province using the census method. The Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, while the NIOSH equation, Snook table, KIM-LHC and MAC assessment methods were used to evaluate the risk of related activities. Data were then analysed using chi-squared test and Spss23 software. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span 47=&quot;&quot; cn=&quot;&quot; lt=&quot;&quot; std=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; univers=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span adobe=&quot;&quot; garamond=&quot;&quot; pro=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt; The results of the KIM-LHC and MAC lifting methods showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limb during lifting. Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship (P=0.001 and P=0.002) between the Mac and Snook lifting methods. However, there was no significant relationship between the Niosh method and either the Kim-LHC or Mac-Lifting methods (P=0.10 and P=0.28). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span 47=&quot;&quot; cn=&quot;&quot; lt=&quot;&quot; std=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; univers=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span adobe=&quot;&quot; garamond=&quot;&quot; pro=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt; The results of the risk assessment using different methods showed a consistent and critical condition of the working environment in the rice mills studied. Therefore, it is imperative to take the necessary engineering and management control measures to improve the working conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span 47=&quot;&quot; cn=&quot;&quot; lt=&quot;&quot; std=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; univers=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>روش KIM-LHC method, rice mills, MAC method, NIOSH equation, Snook tables.</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Musculoskeletal disorders, Risk factors, Niosh, Work-related, Ergonomics.</keyword>
	<start_page>1392</start_page>
	<end_page>1400</end_page>
	<web_url>http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-345-1&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Maryam</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Rafiee</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مریم</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>رفیعی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Maryam Rafiee</email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Master’s in Ergonomics, Ergonomics Department, the University of Rehabilitation and Social Health, Tehran, Iran. orcid: 0000-0001-8675-6279(Maryam.rafiee13688@gmail.com)</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Master’s in Ergonomics, Ergonomics Department, the University of Rehabilitation and Social Health, Tehran, Iran. orcid: 0000-0001-8675-6279(Maryam.rafiee13688@gmail.com)</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mojtaba</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Zokaei</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Social Determinatst of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran </affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohaddese</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Bayat Marzijarani</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محدثه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>بیات مرزیجرانی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Mohaddese Bayat Marzijarani</email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Student Research Committee, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran </affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>B. Sc Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Student Research Committee, orcid: 0009-0002-6358-3787(Mohibayat98@gmail.com)</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>negar</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Safarpour Khotbesara</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>نگار</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>صفرپور خطبه سرا</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>negar.sp513631@gmail.com</email>
	<code></code>
	<orcid></orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Social Department of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>1Master’s degree Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Social Department of Health Research Center, orcid: 0000-0001-6958-1104(negar.sp513631@gmail.com)</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
