@article{ 
author = {Kocyigit-Cakir, Zehra and Ozkan, Ozlem},  
title = {Incidence of Occupational Accidents and Contributing Factors among Male Workers in an Electrical Distribution Company in Istanbul, Turkey}, 
abstract ={ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among male workers in an electric power distribution company and to analyze the contributing factors. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 158 male workers from an electricity distribution company in Istanbul (Turkey) between October 2014 and June 2015 in two phases. In the first phase, the data were collected with the face-to-face interviews based on a questionnaire related to the occupational accidents and working conditions in the past year. Then, each worker was followed-up for four months for the occupational accident incidence. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The degree and magnitude of association between dependent and independent variables were determined by Phi (Φ) and Cramer's V coefficient. Results: The incidence rate of self-reported occupational accidents was 47.5% in the past year. The incidence was found to be higher for those aged over 41 (51.7%, p=0.02), work in lighting and overhead line units (71.0% and 47.2%, p=0.04), have occupational disease (66.7%, p=0.01), and have witnessed any occupational accident in the electricity sector (66.1%, p<0.001). The incidence rate was moderately associated with the working unit (Cramer’sV=0.25), witnessing any occupational accident (Φ=0.29), and occupational disease (Φ=0.21). It was higher for those with shift work (52.0%; p=0.29) and with job insecurity (51.8%, p=0.11). The incidence rate of occupational accidents based on four-month follow-up was 0.53 person-year. The most frequent type of accident was explosion (14.3%), and the majority of the accidents resulted in injuries (78.6%). Conclusion: The incidence of occupational accidents among male workers in the electricity distribution company was higher than the national average. The accidents were significantly related to the working conditions.  },  
Keywords = {Occupational accident, Electricity worker, Working conditions, Safety, Epidemiology},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1022-1035}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {عوامل موثر در آن در بین کارگران مرد در یک شرکت توزیع برق از استانبول ، ترکیهعوارض ناشی از تصادف شغلی و},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {Occupational Accident, Electricity Worker, Electric Distribution, Electricity Sector, Working Conditions},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7158},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AgyapongAfrifah, Kojo and Glalah, Mark},  
title = {Ergonomic Design of University Classroom Furniture: Evaluation of Comfortability and Musculoskeletal Disorders}, 
abstract ={Background: Anthropometric studies are essential in furniture design to ensure comfortability and improved productivity of users. Methods: Equations based on anthropometric principles of Human Factors and Ergonomics were used to assess the match and mismatch between imported plastic and locally made wooden classroom furniture dimensions and student body measurements and their implications on comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders experienced by the students. Additionally, student’s comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced in using the furniture were confirmed with administration of questionnaires. Results: Match between student’s anthropometry and classroom furniture, included only underneath table height for the imported plastic furniture and chair seat height, width and underneath table height for the locally manufactured wooden furniture. Observed mismatches resulted in high incidence of MSDs including upper back (71.40%), lower back (58.30%), neck (51.90%), joint (39.10%), shoulder (32%), knee (25.20%) and wrist (22.60%) pains. The mismatches and prevalence of these MSDs were more in the female than male students. The use of the furniture was discomforting for students with only 6.60% being very comfortable using them. Conclusion: Recommended dimensions for ergonomically-designed furniture has been proposed to reduce MSDs the students suffer, improve student’s health, and promote comfortability to enhance their academic performance},  
Keywords = {Anthropometry, Comfortability, Ergonomics, Furniture, Musculoskeletal disorders, Students},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1036-1048}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {Ergonomic Design of University Classroom Furniture: Evaluation of Comfortability and Musculoskeletal Disorders},
abstract_fa ={Background: Anthropometric studies are essential in furniture design to ensure comfortability and improved productivity of users. Methods: Equations based on anthropometric principles of Human Factors and Ergonomics were used to assess the match and mismatch between imported plastic and locally made wooden classroom furniture dimensions and student body measurements and their implications on comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders experienced by the students. Additionally, student’s comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced in using the furniture were confirmed with administration of questionnaires. Results: Match between student’s anthropometry and classroom furniture, included only underneath table height for the imported plastic furniture and chair seat height, width and underneath table height for the locally manufactured wooden furniture. Observed mismatches resulted in high incidence of MSDs including upper back (71.40%), lower back (58.30%), neck (51.90%), joint (39.10%), shoulder (32%), knee (25.20%) and wrist (22.60%) pains. The mismatches and prevalence of these MSDs were more in the female than male students. The use of the furniture was discomforting for students with only 6.60% being very comfortable using them. Conclusion: Recommended dimensions for ergonomically-designed furniture has been proposed to reduce MSDs the students suffer, improve student’s health, and promote comfortability to enhance their academic performance},
keywords_fa = {Anthropometry, Comfortability, Ergonomics, Furniture, Musculoskeletal disorders},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7159},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FallahMadvari, Rohollah},  
title = {Hearing Sensitivity of Iranians at A-weighted Sound Pressure Level}, 
abstract ={N  oise is one of the most common physical harmful factors in the work environment. On March 2, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that by 2050, approximately 2.5 billion people (or one in every four) will have some degree of hearing loss. 1 According to the WHO, hearing loss affects many facets of a person's life, including communication, cognition, education, depression, etc. 2 Noise is responsible for one-third of hearing loss and has an important contribution to occupational diseases. 3 At present, to measure the noise exposure of workers, the frequency weighting of the sound level meter (SLM) is set to [A], simulated to the sensitivity of the human ear (as the human ear is less sensitive to the lower frequencies). It is also common to assess possible hearing damage using A-weighting. A-weighting is valid for showing the sensitivity of the human ear as a function of the frequency of pure tones but only for relatively quiet levels of sound. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) modified its standard curves defined in ISO 226:2003 by the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Japan. 4, 5 The ISO 226:2003 has proposed new curves by combining the results of several studies from Japan (most involved), Germany, Denmark, and the United States. 4 The question that arises is the validity of the proposed curve of Iranians? This question provides a basis for future national research to examine the degree of ear sensitivity in different regions of Iran, taking into account age and gender. It would shed light on the hearing sensitivity of Iranians according to the A-weighting. Finally, as the Executive Director of the AOH, I would ask the authors to submit their research papers in this field for publication in the AOH.},  
Keywords = {Noise, Who},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1049-1050}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7160},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dadfarma, Vahideh and soltanzadeh, ahmad and Ghiyasi, Samir},  
title = {Analysis of Occupational Accidents: A Data 
Mining Study}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Despite efforts exerted in various areas of the industry to reduce occupational accidents, the frequency of these accidents is reported to be catastrophically high. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to analyze occupational accidents during a 3-year period. Methods: The current study was a retrospective and descriptive-analytical study carried out in four regions of Tehran between 2019-2020. The data collection instrument consisted of 818 reports of the occupational accident recorded in the Department of Labor in Tehran. Feature selection (IBM SPSS Modeler software) and binominal multiple logistic regression analysis (IBM SPSS software) were utilized in this study. Results: The means of age and experience of injured workers were  found to be 34.55±11.55 and 14.12±9.87, respectively. The highest rate of occupational accidents belonged to construction workshops (52.4%), production (24.4 %) and other public and social services activities (11.1 %). Data mining and modeling of factors affecting these occupational accidents showed that the consequence of the accidents was affected by seven factors (p<0.05). The results showed that the work experience, type of activity, number of workers, accident time on the day, type of incidence and the causes of the accident remained in the final model and were significant with the consequence of the occupational accidents (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that different parameters can affect the occurrence of occupational accidents. Additionally, the consequences of these occupational accidents can be influenced by different parameters and factors.},  
Keywords = {Safety, Occupational accidents, Data mining, Retrospective study},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1051-1058}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7161},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shaban, Iman and Farshad, Aliasghar and Yarahmadi, Rasoul and Mansourian, Morteza and KharghaniMoghadam, Seyedeh Melika and Abedi, Kamaladdin and Ebrahimi, Hossei},  
title = {Exploring the Viewpoint of Oil Industry Employees about Factors Affecting the Success of Standard Operating Procedures}, 
abstract ={Background: Different factors affect the success of standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study was conducted to explore the viewpoints of employees of Tehran Oil Refining Company about factors affecting the usability of SOPs. Methods: This qualitative study was a conventional content analysis research conducted on the oil refining company employers 2020, using  the semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA software. Results: The results showed that the employees had a positive perception toward the standard operating procedures and most of them used these procedures to improve work performance and reduce accidents. Also, from the viewpoint of the employees, organizational factors (desirable organizational culture, continuous supervision and evaluation and assurance of accurate implementation of instructions, and continuous personnel training), individual factors (positive perception of the personnel about the organization goals, rules obedience of the personnel, positive experiences of personnel from the implementation of instructions in the past), and environmental factors (environmental dynamics and their related SOP dynamics, desirable but formal relationships of managers and supervisors with personnel as well as optimal and standard work schedule) had a positive effect on the applicability of these procedures. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the employees, consider standard operating procedures of organizational, individual, and environmental factors effective in using standard operating instructions. Therefore, to increase the applicability of these procedures, the employees should consider their opinions.  },  
Keywords = {Chemical Industry, Standard Operating Procedures, Qualitative study, Safety},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1059-1067}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7162},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tabanfar, Sara and Pourbabaki, Reza and sobhani, seyv},  
title = {Relationship between Dimensions of Safety 
Climate and Unsafe Behaviors of the Construction Industry Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Construction industry has been ranked among the most dangerous industries worldwide due to the high number of accidents. The safety climate can be considered as a stimulus to reduce unsafe behaviors and thus reduction the accidents. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of the safety climate and unsafe behavior of the construction workers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional research on 90 construction workers. Unsafe behaviors recorded using the American National Standards Institute method and interviews with the workers. The Safety Climate was measured using the UK health care Safety Climate Questionnaire. The descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to summarize the findings and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to show the relationship between the variables. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean and standard deviation of safety climate score and unsafe behavior were (3.98+ 0.27) and (45.93 + 17.3), respectively. There was a significant relationship between unsafe behaviors and staff knowledge (r = -0.31 and P = 0.004). We also found relationship between unsafe behavior and safety climate score (r = -0.21 and P = 0.043). Conclusion: The employees' knowledge was one of the most important components of workplace safety. Also, this component assigned itself the highest score, and increasing the score in this dimension of the safety climate can lead to reduction unsafe behavior. Finally, according to the results, as the safety climate among employees increases, unsafe behaviors will decrease, and productivity would be increase.},  
Keywords = {Unsafe behavior, Safety climate, Construction workers, Workplace safety},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1068-1074}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {اعمال ناایمن, جو ایمنی, کارگران ساختمانی, ایمنی محیط کار},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7164},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Biabani, Azam and Zokaei, Mojtaba and Falahati, Mohsen and Ziamanesh, Shahl},  
title = {Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Hearing Loss in Working Population}, 
abstract ={Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between demographic, social, and economic factors of employees and hearing loss. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the required data were extracted from the periodic medical examination of 987 workers in an automotive industry. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to study the associations. The data were analyzed in the SPSS software. Results: In this study, most of the subjects were in the age group of 30-49 years and also had less than 10 years of working experience. In terms of education level, most of them had a diploma. The relationship between work experience and hearing loss indicated profound hearing loss among a workers with 10 to 20 years of work experience. According to age, the subjects over the age of 55 years had the highest prevalence of hearing loss (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Age and work experience, education, income, and type of job are among the factors that could predict the at risk population for hearing loss.},  
Keywords = {Hearing loss, Socioeconomic status, Automotive industry, Occupational health},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1075-1083}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7165},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rasheed, Tajudee},  
title = {Occupational Lead Exposure and Safety Measures at Shooting Ranges: a Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Background: Individuals at shooting ranges are exposed to high amount of lead fumes either indoor or outdoor. The shooters sprayed lead dust into the air upon discharge of the cartridge at arm’s length distance. Most of the previous studies conducted at shooting ranges focused on blood lead levels (BLLs) of exposed people and there are limited studies on the risk associated with the shooting of firearms. This study aimed to review previous studies on the hazards associated with the discharge of firearms, and safety measures at shooting ranges. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “indoor shooting ranges”, “outdoor shooting ranges”, “firearms shooting”, “lead poisoning hazard”, “blood lead biomarkers”, “permissible exposure limit”, and “safety practice on lead”. Results: The designated BLL for case definition in lead poisoning was between 0.1μg/dL - 0.49μg/dL. It was estimated that at Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). PEL of 0.5μg/m3, 95 percent of range users who are exposed to lead poisoning regularly can have BLL of <5μg/dL during 20 years of working life, while at 2.1μg/m3, 95 percent of the workers can have BLL of<10μg/dL during their working life. Conclusion: To protect firearm handlers and shooting range workers, policy on preventive measures should be implemented at shooting ranges by policymakers. Compliance with preventive measures is encouraged to avoid the high cost of rehabilitation lead poisoning. },  
Keywords = {Shooting Ranges, Lead Poisoning Hazard, Firearm Handlers, Safety Measures},
volume = {5},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1084-1091}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7171 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2021}  
}