@article{ 
author = {ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Mental Health and Ergonomic in the Workplaces, They Need more Elaboration}, 
abstract ={O  ccupational environments are full of wide spectrum of hazardous agents and situations. In its classic view, chemical hazards, safety issues and accidents are highlighted. However, from world war II till now, the paradigm shifted toward the other side of workplace hazards, ergonomics and psychological agents. Ergonomic hazards are rarely directly killer or cause death. They place a huge burden of problems during years on personnel health and safety. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most prevalent ergonomic related discomfort in the workplaces. Increase in human errors, is another consequence of bad ergonomic conditions. Recently mental workloads and behavioral climate of the workplace are also considered as the important issues in occupational health. Problems like bullying in the workplace, workplace violence and lack of social support in the workplace are rising. Management of these issues are very important in reducing the unwanted health outcomes and hence increasing the wellbeing, productivity and efficiency of workers. In this issue of the Archives of Occupational Health we have several papers about workability index, ergonomic evaluation of the work postures, and mental disturbance due to the occupational noise exposure. Each of these topics are susceptible to put substantial ergonomic and mental burden on the workers. Therefore, assessment and management of these sort of exposure can enhance the wellbeing and finally the productivity. I as the editor of the Archives of Occupational Health hope to these papers shed the light on the less elaborated part of occupational exposures and hazards and give us better insight toward assessment and management of them in the work environments},  
Keywords = {occupational environments, Management},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {42-42}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MonazzamEsmailpour, Mohammad Reza and Daneshvar, Ali and Azam, Kamal},  
title = {Association between Noise Exposure and Noise Disturbance in Construction Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Noise as one of the common hazardous factors in the work environments, causes adverse effects on the mental health of individuals in addition to physical problems. This study was conducted to measure the exposure of workers to noise in a construction workshop and assess its association with noise disturbance. Methods: A total of 96 employees of a construction workshop were considered in this study and were divided into four working groups: executive, administrative, supervisory and machinery. Noise exposure of workers assessed according to ISO 9612: 2009. The noise disturbance questionnaire was also completed by participants. Results: The results obtained from the noise exposure measurement showed that the mean of equivalent sound level in employees of administration section was 82.28, in administrative section was 66.52, in supervisory section was 76.43 and in machinery section was 78.45 dB. The results of noise disturbance showed that 25% of workers rated noise in the work environment as very disturbing. The results of regression analysis showed that the type of occupation associated with disturbance of subjects with correlation coefficient of 0.413. Conclusion: According to the results of dosimetry and self-reported disturbance, the noise exposure level and noise disturbance of work environment due to sound sources are high. Administrative solutions need to be provided to reduce the exposure of workers to noise.  },  
Keywords = {Noise exposure, Noise disturbance, Construction industry, Occupational exposure

},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {43-47}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tirgar, Aram and HajiAhmadi, Mahmoud and Jafarpour, Hasan Ali and Samaei, Seyed Ehs},  
title = {Effective Factors on Occurrence of Drugs Mistakes from the Viewpoints of Nurses}, 
abstract ={Background: Human error is more prevalent among nurses than other health care occupations. These mistakes are used as important index for determination of the safety of patients in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different factors resulting in the occurrence of medication mistakes in an educational hospital. Methods: This study was performed on 236 nurses working in a hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data collection tools were demographic and organizational information questionnaire, containing questions about the main causes of medication mistakes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using descriptive statistic and analytical statistics such as independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The lowest and the highest score among the four dimensions of the causes of medication mistakes questionnaire were related to the dimension for nursing management (mean=3.13, SD= 0.66) and causes related to nurses (mean=3.54, SD= 0.68), respectively. Also, based on Pearson Correlation, there was a significant and direct correlation between all the four dimensions of the questionnaire and the demographic and organizational factors of nurses. Only the shift work variable of the employees had a significant statistical relationship with the final score of the causes of medication mistakes. Conclusion: Nursing staffs need to pay more attention to possible causes of medication errors such as reducing workload and reducing the working hours of nurses, because the mentioned factors can lead to fatigue and decrease of concentration of nurses and may increase the possibility of occurrence of mistake.  },  
Keywords = {Medication mistakes, Medical error, Nursing, Human error},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {48-55}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saedpanah, Keivan and Motamedzade, Majid and Salimi, Keivan and Eskandari, Tahereh and Samaei, Seyed Ehs},  
title = {Physical Risk Factors among Construction Workers by Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA) Method}, 
abstract ={Background: The recent studies have shown that the rates of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders among workers in the construction industry are much higher than those working in other industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical risk factor among the workers in construction workshops using Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA) method. Methods: A total of 150 workers were randomly selected from five construction workshops. They were working in the wall plastering, bricklaying, and concreting tasks. During the site visit of five workshops, tasks were observed using WERA assessment. A structured interview with self-report charts (Body Discomfort Chart) was administered to participants for each task. Results: An analysis of the self-report charts revealed that 94%, 92%, and 83% of workers reported discomfort in their backs in concreting, wall plastering, and bricklaying tasks, respectively. The shoulder region was the second highest reported uncomfortable region by 86% and 84% of workers in concreting and wall plastering tasks, respectively. The wrist region was the second highest reported uncomfortable region reported by 80% of workers in bricklaying task. From the WERA assessment for wall plastering, bricklaying, and concreting tasks, the final scores were 36.57 (SD=8.62), 39.66 (SD=6.92), and 40.06 (SD=7.75), respectively. The highest and lowest scores were 5.87 (SD=1.14) and 2.21 (SD=1.28), respectively for neck and vibration in wall plastering. Conclusion: The results showed that workers have pain in their back, shoulder, wrist, elbow, neck, and leg regions during their work in wall plastering, bricklaying, and concreting tasks. The final score for concreting task was higher than wall plastering and bricklaying tasks.},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {56-62}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kouhnavard, Bahram and Halvani, Gholamhossein and Najimi, Mohammad Reza and Mihanpour, Hamideh},  
title = {The Relationship between Fatigue and Work Ability Index (WAI) of Workers in a Ceramic Industry in Yazd Province, 2014}, 
abstract ={Background: The basis of welfare and health in all individuals is their work ability. Many factors such as work and working conditions, fatigue, and individual characteristics affect the work ability. In the present study, we evaluated the work ability among workers employed in a ceramic industry and determined the relationship between fatigue areas. Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 200 subjects were randomly selected and investigated. This study was conducted using two standard questionnaires of Work Ability Index (WAI) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Mean general fatigue score was of 9.65 (SD=2.88) and the mean motivation score was 7.11 (SD=2.45). There was a significant difference in fatigue in different job groups in terms of work experience (P <0.05). The mean of fatigue in different occupational groups was higher for those without experience than those with skill. The mean of the work ability index was 39.69 (good level). The highest correlation was found between the score of work ability index and fatigue index among job titles belonging to the operational group (r = 0.97). Conclusion: With the increase of the fatigue score, the score of the work ability index decreased. Better recognition of factors creating fatigue and providing appropriate strategies can be effective in reducing this factor.},  
Keywords = {Work Ability Index, Ceramic Industry, Fatigue, Occupational health

},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {63-69}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FirooziChahak, Ali and Fani, Mohammad Javad and AlinaghiLangari, Ali Akbar and Beheshti, Mohammad Hossei},  
title = {Factors Affecting the Use of Respiratory Protection Devices Based on the 
Health Belief Model in Welders}, 
abstract ={Background: Welding industry is one of the most dangerous industries in the world. Because of the nature of their jobs, welders are exposed to serious injuries. The present study aimed to investigate the effective factors on the use of respiratory protection devices in welding workshops. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 welders were studied in Gonabad city. A respiratory protection inventory was used to investigate the effective factors on the use of respiratory protection devices based on the health belief model in welders. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The working hours were 1.39 (8.25, the respiratory protection score was 10.12 (91.25). In this study, which was carried out on 180 people, there was a significant correlation between the score of respiratory protection and marital status and working shift. However, there was no significant relationship between respiratory protection score and the level of education and type of employment. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the respiratory protection score in the studied welders is moderate and should be considered by managers and the relevant authorities},  
Keywords = {Personal protective equipment, Inhalation welding, Occupational health},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {70-74}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azimi, Nafiseh and Hesam, Ghasem and Khosravi, Farideh and Motamedzadeh, Majid and Moradpour, Zahr},  
title = {Relationship between Mental Workload Index and Work Ability Index in a Food Industry}, 
abstract ={Background: Spending a significant part of the daily in workplace has led to reduction in the time of rest and recreation of people. Therefore, considering the importance of the potential effect of mental work load on work ability, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between mental workload and work ability in workers of a food industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study performed on 40 workers in a food industry in Qom province, Iran in 2017.  Three demographic questionnaires, NASA-Tlx mental workload index and work ability index (WAI) were used for data collection. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results obtained from examining the relationship between work ability index and mental workload index in the studied industry showed high workload index score, however, there was no significant relationship between these two indexes (P = 0.07). results of regression analysis showed that only age of people has a significant relationship with the results of WAI. Conclusion: The mental workload index among workers of food industry was very high, which can be attributed to strict supervision due to the importance of food hygiene. High mental workload can affect human error and work efficiency of the worker.},  
Keywords = {Mental workload index, Work ability index, Food industry, Job stress


},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {75-79}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mostaghaci, Mehrdad and Nasiri, Saleh and Tavangarian, Aezam},  
title = {The Occupational Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer: A narrative Review}, 
abstract ={Occupational cancers account for a major part of cancers. So far, various occupational factors have been recognized as a risk factor involved in the development of different occupational cancers. Prostate cancer is one of the cancers on which various studies have been carried out to examine the role of occupational exposures. The studies have introduced numerous occupational factors and jobs regarding this cancer. The results of studies in this regard have some contradictions. In this short review, occupational risk factors in the development of occupational cancers have been studied. The focus of this study is mainly on the factors, while occupations have not been examined in depth.},  
Keywords = {Prostate cancer, Occupational exposure, Occupational epidemiology, Occupational diseases

},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {80-86}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hajaghazadeh, Mohammad and Jafari, Abbas},  
title = {Occupational Exposure to Anesthetic Waste 
Gases in Operating Rooms: a Need to Revise Occupational Exposure Limits in Iran}, 
abstract ={A nesthetic gases were developed in the 17th century and nowadays are widely used for the general anesthesia in the operating rooms (ORs).1 Anesthetic agents, especially halogenated anesthetics and nitrous oxide (N2O), can contaminate the ambient air of the ORs and therefore occupational exposure to these gases is a common occupational hazard. The anesthesia machine leakage, inadequate scavenging system and exhalation of the patient are the major causes of exposure to anesthetic wastes in ORs.2The emission of anesthetic gases into the atmosphere of ORs could be minimized by different approaches such as engineering and administrative controls. Different adverse health effects including neurobehavioral changes, fatigue, headaches, dizziness, lethargy, memory problems have been reported as the result of exposure to trace levels of waste anesthetic gases.3-5 According to much of the supportive evidence derives from animal studies, the chronic exposure to these agents have linked to liver and kidney damage, genotoxicity, spontaneous abortion, and congenital malformations.5,6 Personal exposure assessment of anesthetic gases includes biological and breathing zone air monitoring. ACGIH did not set any biological exposure index (BEI) for anesthetic gases. Some researchers investigated the urinary concentration of unmetabolised anesthetic agents or their metabolites. For example, the urinary concentrations of sevoflurane and hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP) have been investigated in the occupationally exposed personnel.7,8 In the studies in which the concentration of breathing zone and urinary concentration of anesthetic agent has been correlated, a biological equivalent limit corresponding to the established OEL has been suggested. For example, Jafari et al. found biological equivalent limit of 3.61 µg/lurine for 2 ppm environmental exposure of isoflurane. Similar values have also reported as biological equivalent limit for isoflurane by other researchers.9 Further studies are needed to establish BEI for anesthetic agents. To monitoring air quality in ORs, portable direct reading instruments and sample collection device methods are utilized. For instance, a photo-acoustic infrared spectrometry analyzer has been used for direct reading of halogenated and N2O in ORs.10 Time-integrated air samples could be collectedeither by adsorption tubes connected to a pump or by passive dosimeters.9 Different values have been set as OELs of anesthetic gases. For example, NIOSH recommended that the concentration of a halogenated anesthetic agent during its administration should be less than 2 ppm if it is used alone or below 0.5 ppm if it is used in combination with nitrous oxide. The NIOSH REL for N2O is 25 ppm.6,11  At present, OSHA does not have PEL for anesthetic agents. ACGIH has set TLVs only for enflurane, halothane, and nitrous oxide as 75, 50, and 50 ppm respectively. The Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education has set OELs of desflurane and sevoflurane as 20 ppm; N2O, isoflurane and halothane as 50 ppm; and enflurane as 75 ppm. It seems that in the absence of any TLV (by ACGIH) or PEL (by NIOSH) for isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane and considering the REL of 2 ppm for any halogenated anesthetic agents, the Iran OELs of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane might be used with caution. It is worth mentioning that in ORs of Iran, N2O is commonly used in combination with isoflurane and sevoflurane. Therefore, the reduction in OELs of these halogenated agents, similar to NIOSH REL, would be proposed. The OEL of halothane could alsobeintheforefrontofchange, since the hepatotoxicity of this agent has been reported.12 As a conclusion, the occupational exposure to anesthetic waste gases should be monitored periodically to protect the personnel of ORs and in the assessment of monitoring results, specific attention should be paid to concurrent use of N2O and halogenated anesthetic gases. Importantly, in the future revise of OELs by Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education the concerns addressed here would be considered helpful.  },  
Keywords = {neurobehavioral changes, headaches},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {87-88}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aminaei, Fatemeh and Ghanaei, Fatemeh and Mirmohammadi, Seyed Jalil and Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang and Gohari, Mohsen and Falahzadeh, Hosein and ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Relationship beetween Retinal Vascular Changes with Blood Pressure and Heart Rate of Workers in a Tile and Ceramic Industries}, 
abstract ={Background: Various studies have shown that vascular changes in the retina can be a primary indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. CRAE, CRVE, and AVR are three important markers for determining retinal vascular changes. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in these three ocular markers and their relationship with blood pressure and heart rate. Method: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 96 workers from one of Yazd's tile and ceramic industries were studied. Fundus images were prepared from both eyes and then analyzed using ARIA software and related protocols. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Mann-Whitney test and Correlation test was performed. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age and working experience of the population under study were 34.93(6.06) and 9.85(6.26) years, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between ocular parameters with blood pressure and heart rate (p-value >0.05). The relationship of CRAE and CRVE with heart rate, although not statistically significant, was inverse. Conclusion: The results of this study showed no relationship between retinal vascular changes with changes in cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate among workers. Also, there was no significant difference between BMI and mean of three ocular parameters.},  
Keywords = {Retinal vascular, Blood pressure, Heart rate, Tile industry

},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {89-95}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ebrahimzadeh, Mehrzad and Akbarzadeh, Arash and Rezaghole, Paeman and Ebrahimzadeh, Marzieh and Tavana, Hami},  
title = {The Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Job Stress: A Case Study among 160 Nurses}, 
abstract ={Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and job stress among nurses working in educational hospitals in Sanandaj. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 160 nurses working in educational hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj in 2014. A quotient sampling method was used to select nurses. Data were gathered using two questionnaires: Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Then, the results were analyzed by using SPSS 16 software, independent t-test, and Spearman correlation. Results: 56 of the nurses (35%) were male and 104 nurses were female (65%). The results of Spearman correlation test showed that nurses’ sleep quality was significantly correlated with nurses' job stress. Also, the findings of this study showed that nurses' sleep quality was significantly different in terms of working and age groups. However, nurses' job stress did not show any significant difference between different work experience and age groups. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a direct relationship between job stress and sleep quality in nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the underlying factors that cause stress and sleep disorders and in addition to precisely planning the work shifts, preventing the increase of the volume and duration of work should be designed to eliminate them.  },  
Keywords = {Job stress, Sleep quality, Nurses},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {96-101}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Madvari, Rohollah Fallah and Najafi, Kamran and FallahMadvari, Alireza and Sarsangi, Vali and Laal, Fereydoo},  
title = {Evaluating the Effects of a Training Intervention on Increasing the Workers’ Use of Hearing Protective Equipment by Kirk Patrick Model in Yazd Persepolis Tile Industry}, 
abstract ={Background: According to the Labor Code, one of the important duties of employers in the field of safety and health is the provision of personal protective equipment and its training to workers. How to train workers who are willing to use the earmuff all the time is an issue that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a training intervention with the BASNEF model in increasing the duration of the use of hearing protective equipment by workers. Methods: This is an evaluation study that was carried out in Yazd tile industry in 2015. The research population in this study was 50 workers who were trained according to the BASNEF model. After developing a questionnaire based on the structures of Kirk Patrick's evaluation model, with the acquisition of validity, trained workers completed the questionnaire. Results: The highest mean scores were respectively in the results 87.06 (12), behavior 86.30 (9.59), learning 84.87 (13.55), content 81.36 (10.70) and the response 81.28 (11.33). In general, the score of the evaluation domains is above 80.Conclusion: According to the findings, BASNEF‘s training course is effective in increasing the duration of workers' use of protective hearing equipment.},  
Keywords = {Kirkpatrick evaluation model, BASNEF model, Earmuff, Training

},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {102-107}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Javad and Nematolahi, Ali and Mihanpour, Hamideh and Mansouri, Zahr},  
title = {Evaluation of Dermal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using DREAM Method in Production of Bituminous Waterproofing}, 
abstract ={Background: Research has shown that dermal exposure to multi-ring aromatic compounds can lead to skin and systemic absorption of these materials. Due to the low vapor pressure of these materials, the main cause of occupations exposure in certain occupations is skin contact. The production of bitumen products due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) in the bitumen of the production line has a health hazard. It is noteworthy that skin rashes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this industry can cause skin problems in the workplace. This study evaluates skin exposure to these compounds in the ISO-industry using DREAM method. Methods: In this study, we evaluated 120 different workers in different groups of four waterproofing plants with aromatic hydrocarbons. In the DREAM method, five types of skin exposures including distributing exposure, transitional exposure, displacement exposure, probable exposure, and actual exposure are assessed and calculated using tables and software. Results: The highest transmission and distribution exposure was found to be 28.81 (19.5) and 9.1 (4.86), respectively, in the manufacturing jobs and bitumen ponds. Displacement exposure was observed only in roll-up and labeling groups. The areas of the hand and shoulder were more likely to be exposed than other parts of the body. The probable and real exposure to the head and arm was lower than elsewhere. In all occupations, the most important exposure to the skin was transmission and distribution exposure. Conclusion: DREAM method can be used to assess skin exposures. In this study, the actual and probable skin exposure levels were approximately the same, indicating a lack of proper skin protection in the workforce. Unhealthy behaviors, non-use of personal equipment and inappropriate connection are the causes of this finding.  },  
Keywords = {Dermal exposure, Multi-rheological aromatic hydrocarbons, Bituminous waterproofing industry, DREAM method},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {108-115}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tajvar, Abdolhamid and Mortazavimehrizi, Morteza and Tajvar, Hamed and Etemadololama, Yeganeh},  
title = {An Investigation into the Effects of Hearing Loss and Hearing Impairment on Rebar Production Unit Workers of Kerman Steel Industries}, 
abstract ={Background: Acute hearing loss due to noise and hearing impairment is one of the most common occupational diseases which imposes significant direct and indirect costs on the government and exposed individuals. The steel industry is one of the industries that a great deal of noise is produced in different parts of its working process. Therefore, in this research, we tried to investigate the relationship between noise exposure and permanent hearing loss due to noise, as well as hearing impairment among employees of rebar production unit in Kerman Steel Industries. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, two methods of bioassay and environmental monitoring were used. In bioassay method, seventy one workers of the production line audiology condition, which was selected by census method, were tested and in the environmental monitoring, sound state of the production sector was measured and evaluated. Also, using a questionnaire, their personal information and work experience were recorded. Results: From the 71 workers surveyed, 20% were between 25-30 year old, 70% aged 30-40 years old, 10% were more than 40 years old,  63% had a work experience of 1-5 years and 37% had work experience more than 5 years. Comparison of the sound pressure level with the permissible national standard states showed that in 93% of the measured points, the sound pressure level was higher than standard, and the results of the audiometric data showed that in 55% of individuals, the hearing threshold in the right ear at a frequency of 4000 Hz has risen above 25 dB, and this value is 46% for the left ear. Conclusion: Considering that the increase in hearing thresholds at 4000 Hz is the main symptom of hearing loss due to working in industrial environments, we can conclude that taking control measures is very necessary. The percentage of auditory hearing impairment in the left, right and both ears is less than 10% and this can be attributed to the worker's work experience.},  
Keywords = {NIHL, Audiometry, Hearing loss, Hearing impairment

},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {116-120}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khoshakhlagh, Amir Hossein and Yazdanirad, Saeid and Sarsangi, Vali},  
title = {The Relationship between Individual Risk Factors and Hearing Loss in Textile Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a debilitating and irreversible disease and one of the ten most important occupational diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual risk factors and NIHL in textile workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 128 employees of one of the textile factories of Tehran Province in 2017. At first, data were collected using a demographic questionnaire including age, marital status, level of education, and work shift. Then, using an audiometer, the workers' threshold of hearing was measured in both ears for frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz, and data were analyzed by the SPSS version 18.Results:The mean age of the workers was 30.59 ( 3.5) years, their mean work experience 5.7 (2.76) years, and the mean environmental noise level at work 87.88 ( 6.13) dB. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of exposed noise and age, education level, work shift, and marital status. Conclusion: Increased age of population and level of environmental noise are two factors for increased hearing loss, which can be partly prevented by using engineering approaches such as using mufflers and silent rooms.},  
Keywords = {Noise, Hearing loss, Audiometry, Important risk factors for hearing loss

},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {121-127}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Beheshti, Mohammad Hossein and Tajpuor, Ali and Jari, Ameneh and Samadi, Sajedeh and BorhaniJebeli, Maryam and Rahmanzadeh, Habebeh},  
title = {Evaluation of Ergonomic Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Kitchen Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders in kitchen workers are prevalent due to the nature of work and repetitive work. But few studies have been done on this profession. The RULA procedure is one of the best posture assessment methods for assessing upper limbs. The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders using RULA method among Gonabad kitchen workers. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, Work postures of 78 workers in all Gonabad kitchens and restaurants were recorded using the camera while working. And the most repetitive and awkward posture were chosen and analyzed using the RULA method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and double-duplex scores were compared with R software (programming software). Results: The results showed that the highest postural score and level of actions at the workstations were earned at points 7 and 4 respectively which was related to the task of cleaning the kitchen. The duties of carrying the pot and pouring the material in the next ranks were high RULA privileges. The highest mean scores for each of the organs examined were neck, wrists, and trunks respectively. Also, 51.20% of all workers carried an average load of more than 11 kilograms. The highest loaded weight on duty carries the pot with an average of 30 kilograms. According to the study, 100% of Gonabad's kitchen postures should be improved. Conclusions: In order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, the correction of postures and the reduction of carried load are necessary. Since ergonomic studies on kitchen workers are very limited, it is suggested that further studies on ergonomic interventions, such as the design of workstations should be performed to correct postures of the neck, trunk, and wrists of workers.},  
Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Kitchen, RULA, Ergonomics, Upper trunk},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {128-135}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ebrahimzadeh, Mehrzad and Maleki, Afshin and Azadnia, Arian and Salehzadeh, Hamze},  
title = {Volatile Organic Compounds Concentration in the Medical Laboratories}, 
abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the air of laboratories in Kurdistan Medical Sciences University and its related factors in 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. After measuring the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the relationship of the factors affecting the concentration of these compounds was determined. In this study, eight laboratories in the health, medical and nursing faculty were entered into the study by the census method. The concentration of volatile organic compounds was measured by using the Phocheck machine of the tiger model, made in England, equipped with a PID bulb. Other variables affecting the concentration of these compounds, including temperature, moisture, type of service provided during the visit, and the type of ventilation in seasons of spring and summer were measured. Then statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.18 software, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The results of the study showed that the maximum concentrations of organic compounds were related to toluene (mean of concentration 374.61 ppb) and the lowest was related to ethylbenzene (mean of concentration 124.24 ppb). Also, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the concentration of these compounds and the factors affecting them. Conclusion: Due to the lack of proper ventilation in all laboratories, it is recommended that a suitable ventilation system could be used to reduce the contamination concentration.},  
Keywords = {Internal air pollution, Kurdistan, Laboratory, Medical sciences, Volatile organic compounds},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {136-141}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GhanaeiKhaledabadi, Fatemeh and Aminaei, Fatemeh and Mihanpour, Hamideh and Mirmohammadi, Seyed Jalil and Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang and Haghaninezhad, Hasan and Falahzadeh, Hosein and ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Association between Occupational Exposure to Noise and Heart Function in the Ceramic Industry Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Noise is the most common occupational exposure. Over an extended period, especially in occupational settings, it causes an increased risk of coronary artery disease and high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between exposure to noise and cardiovascular function based on the results of electrocardiography in the ceramic tile industry. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 94 healthy workers with at least one year of work experience in Yazd's ceramic tile industry were selected by simple sampling method. After completing the demographic and occupational questionnaire, electrocardiography and sounding were performed. Then, the data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and correlation test using SPSS 21 software. Results: In this study, all participants were male. The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of the population under study were 35.10 (6.03) and 9.95 (4.62) years, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and work experience with electrocardiographic parameters. Although there was a significant relationship between noises and the PR interval, there was no significant relationship with other parameters. Conclusion: In this study, the only significant correlation was found between the noise and the PR interval. Also, although the relationship between exposure to noise and heart rate was not statistically significant, it was reversible.},  
Keywords = {Exposure to noise, Heart function, Electrocardiography, Tile industry},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {142-147}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Habibi, Ehsanollah and Mombeini, Moslem and Ordudari, Zahra and Noorouzi, Hadis and Yadegarfar, Ghasem and Koolivand, Zahr},  
title = {Association between Maximum Aerobic Power and General Health in Women}, 
abstract ={Background: The highest aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the criteria that can be used to create a balance between work and worker. To maintain the health and physical capacity of individuals, as well as to increase production and profitability, physical work capacity (PWC) can be used to put individuals in jobs proportional to their capacities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 women working in hospitals aged 21-49 years old. Individuals were evaluated by a single-stage Ebbeling test. A questionnaire about general health, job fatigue and job satisfaction was used, along with a treadmill. Data were analyzed by SPSS V22 software using the Pearson correlation and t-test. Results: According to the results, the highest aerobic capacity, physical working capacity and general health were  ml/kg body weight per minute,  kcal/min and  respectively, and mean and standard deviation of fatigue and job satisfaction scores were  and  respectively. In this study, there was a significant relationship between VO2max and age, weight, body mass index (BMI), fatigue and job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results, since fatigue and job satisfaction are related to workers' VO2max, it is recommended that, in addition to considering the aspects of physical fitness in the workplace, special attention should be paid to mental aspects, since they affect the physical and, consequently, the productivity of workers.},  
Keywords = {Maximum aerobic capacity, Physical work capacity, Hospital women employees, General health},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {148-155}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Fallah, Hossein and Barkhordari, Abolfazl and Halvani, Gholamhossein and Hokmabadi, Rajabali},  
title = {Introduction of a Simple Chamber for the Production and Simulation of Airborne Pollutants for Laboratory Use}, 
abstract ={Background: Designing training aids for students to increase their practical capability and skills is done by using modern educational methods. The aim of this study was to design a simulator of airborne pollutants for measuring gases, vapors and particles in the lab for student training. Methods: The present study investigated different systems based on reviewing the literature of conducted research studies around the world. Then, designing the simulator system of the airborne pollutants was carried out after studying the capabilities of available systems, considering the viewpoints of experts and focusing on the aims of the study. Results: The designed chamber consisted of a main component which, in addition to some complexes such as the blowing system, the evacuation funnel, the warming chamber, and control box, made the production and simulation of the particle and gaseous pollutants feasible in different atmospheric conditions. Conclusions: The production and simulation of airborne pollutants in an experimental chamber under controlled conditions can facilitate the accomplishment of different assessments on pollutants. The designed device benefits both having a simple yet creative fabricated system and low manufacturing costs. Therefore, it can be used readily as a suitable device for extensive research on pollutants in the educational and research centers.  },  
Keywords = {Simulation chamber, Airborne pollutants, Sampling, Laboratory},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {156-163}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EsmaeilzadehKavaki, Morteza and Sepahi, Faezeh and Dashab, Zainab and SheikhAmirlou, Mahboubeh and Hashemi, Malihe},  
title = {Noise Pollution in Hospitals}, 
abstract ={Background: Sound complications, from health and comfort aspects, are important in different environments, patients, and hospitals staff; furthermore, health care services are affected by the sources of noise pollution. A quiet environment is needed for the suitable activity and service of the health team, the comfort and the improving process of the patients. This study was conducted to determine the degree of sound pollution in hospitals in Bojnourd in 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The measurements were carried out in different departments (7 sections in Imam Reza Hospital, 8 sections in Imam Ali Hospital and 4 large sections in Bent-Alhoda Hospital). Educational programs in Bojnourd were performed in two shifts in the morning and afternoon by a sound meter device of the CEL 62x model. The device was calibrated by the piston-phones and they were compared with the recommended standard values ​​ by the World Health Organization (45 dB per Sunset and 30 dB per night). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean volume of sound at Imam Reza Hospital in morning and evening were 56.6 and 59.2 dB respectively and the average volume of sound at Bent-Alhoda Hospital in the morning and afternoon were 54.3 and 61.3 dB respectively. In the Imam Ali Hospital, the average volume in morning and evening shifts were 57.4 and 62.6 dB respectively, and in all parts the sound was higher than the standard values. Conclusion: The rate of sound in the hospitals of Imam Ali, Imam Reza and Bent-Alhoda in all sections and in most of the working hours was higher than the standard. With regard to the severity of sound and the sources of sound production in different parts of hospitals, it is possible to establish a degree of sound intensity closer to the permissible limits. Therefore, the adoption of engineering and management measures to reduce the sound pollution are the recommendation of this study.  },  
Keywords = {Hospital, Sound pollution, Sound pressure level },
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {164-169}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nezamodini, Zeinab Sadat and Abasi, Masume and Mosavianasl, Zeinab and Kouhnavard, Bahram},  
title = {Application of Human Hazop Technique for Identifying Human Error in a Flour Company}, 
abstract ={Background: It is necessary to identify and determine the probability of human error in order to improve the level of health and safety of employees and reduce accidents. For this reason, this study was conducted to identify human error in the flour production process using the "Hazard and Operability” technique. Methods: Data collection was carried out through business case sheets and interviews with workers who have been involved in events as well as affected workers, and through the application of Human Hazop technique. Potential errors of people were predicted, analyzed and the controls were provided. Results: Human Hazop work-sheet analysis showed that the total number of human errors detected in the studied job tasks was 144, 75% of which were eliminated. The results of the study on the causes of the error show that the highest cause of the error is fatigue factor with 33.3%. Conclusion: With the precise application of the Hazard and Operability Method, possible types of operator errors and their consequences can be identified, and control paths to reduce human error can be provided. It canultimately create a safer environment and reduce the number of accidents.  },  
Keywords = {Flour industry, Human error, Human hazop technique },
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {170-177}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FallahMadvari, Rohollah and MosaFarokhani, Mohsen and hajibabaei, majid and FallahMadvari, Alireza and Laal, Fereydoo},  
title = {Effect of Integrated Management System on Occupational Hazards Reduction}, 
abstract ={Background: Today, organizations need to comply with environmental standards, employees, customers, and others in order to achieve competitive advantage and performance globally. One of these standards is an integrated management system. One of the standards in an integrated management system is safety and health that is currently being considered as one of the most important worldwide issues, and emphasizes the goals of identifying harmful factors, evaluating, controlling, and managing. This study tries to measure the efficiency of an integrated management system by analyzing the annual report of work place damage before and after implementing this system. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out in one of tile factories from 2009 to 2014 in Yazd. The data on the measurement of occupational harmful factors (sound, lighting, thermal stress, total dust) during the years of the study were collected and analyzed by the SPSS software version 19.Results: According to the results of measuring the harmful factors of the work place in this research, the establishment of an integrated management system on the environmental factors (sound, lighting, thermal stress and total dust) in the studied industry environment was positive and reduced issues out of standard and increased standard stations. Conclusion: The integrated management system establishment had positive effects on physical and chemical environmental factors and reduces costs, eliminates performance and ultimately improves the performance and efficiency.},  
Keywords = {Harmful factors, Integrated management system, Standard},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {178-183}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Roshanaee, Atefeh and Mihanpour, Hamideh and Dehghani, Ali and Barkhordari, Abolfazl and Davari, Mohammad Hossein and ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Association between Occupational Exposure to Mineral Dust and Blood Lipid Parameters}, 
abstract ={Background: Epidemiological studies have shown a change in blood biochemical parameters due to short and long exposure to airborne particles. Long Exposure to airborne particles can increase the risk of blood lipid disorders through oxidative stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between respiratory exposure with inhaled particles and blood lipid parameters in workers of a ceramic tile factory. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a sample size based on similar studies and Cochran formula, 128 healthy workers (77 exposed and 51 unexposed) were estimated in the age range of 24-40 years and randomly selected from among the factory workers. Sampling of the breathing region of all individuals was performed to determine the concentration of respirable particles based on the NIOSH_0600 method. Blood lipid parameters of people having cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL were measured using standard methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The Mean of exposure to respirable particles in different units were 73.29 ± 7.75 mg / m3 and lower than standard (3 mg / m3). In this study, the levels of triglyceride and HDL were higher in the exposed group and the mean of these two parameters were statistically different. There was no correlation between lipid parameters and density of respirable particles and work experience (P value> 0.05); however, the body mass index had a positive correlation with cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL. Moreover, cholesterol and triglycerides showed a positive correlation with systolic hypertension. Conclusion: Exposure to particles has relationship with levels of lipid-related markers factors and can change the level of some of the lipid parameters. Therefore, protecting workers in units with high levels of dust and constant efforts to train and supervise workers to enhance safety and monitoring the proper and consistent use of these equipment is essential.},  
Keywords = {Air pollution, Blood lipid parameters, Respirable particles, Tile industry},
volume = {2},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {184-191}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {What should be the next step for Archives of Occupational Health?}, 
abstract ={  L  ast year we started a movement in publishing the Archives of Occupational Health. Archives of Occupational Health is a broad scope peer-reviewed open access journal published by Occupational Health Research Center of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. The Archives of Occupational Health aims at the publishing of high-quality scientific articles in the fields of occupational and environmental health and safety, ergonomics, and epidemiology. Now, after one year, we learned too much about the also priorities in the field of occupational health in the developing countries especially in Iran. In the last four issues, we published articles in the field of ergonomic, chemical agent’s exposure, occupational safety, noise exposure, occupational toxicology and mental problems in the workplaces. It is evident that during last four issues of Archives of occupational health nearly all of our papers were from Iranian researchers and Iranian universities. In the upcoming year, we are decided to focus on our international mission, especially in the developing countries.  In the Archives of Occupational Health we believe that developing countries especially countries in the middle east have relatively similar occupational health problems. The infrastructure for delivering health services to care seekers in these countries are relatively similar. Additionally, most of these countries have similar industrial background and also urbanization pattern. Therefore, it is wise to in the new volume of Archives of Occupational health we focus on the researchers and the readers form these countries. I - as an editor in chief of Archives of Occupational Health- together with our editorial board team will do our best to gain this objective at the end of this new volume of the Archives of Occupational Health.},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {192-192}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FallahMadvari, Rohollah and MosaFarokhani, Mohsen and FallahMadvari, Alireza and Mirfakhraei, Fereshteh and Laal, Fereydoo},  
title = {Development and Validity of Krik patrick\'s Evaluation Tool to Investiagte the Efficincy 
of the Training Course on Workers\' use 
of Hearing Protection Equipment}, 
abstract ={Background:The last strategy to protect workers' hearing against load noises is use of hearing protection devices. The efficiency of wearing headphone depends on its full time application. After education, we need to evaluate the efficiency of the conducted training course. One of the most important factors affecting a valid assessment is existence of an appropriate questionnaire to evaluate the course properly. Methods: In order to standardize and investiagte the validity of the researcher-made questionnaire, 12 experts were asked to review it. To determine the questionnaire's validity, we used the face validity and content validity. In order to determine the quantitative content validity, we applied the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Then, reliability of the questionnaire was investigated by Alpha-Cronbach method. Results: We designed 30 questions as the questionaire's items, containing five demographic questions, 10 response questions, four content questions, four learning questions, four behavior evaluation questions, and seven questions about the outcomes. In experts' content evaluation, questions with CVR of higher than 0.56 were selected; while, the CVI of the remaining questions was 0.91. The overall reliability of the research tool was 0.83 using the internal consistency.Conclusion: This study provided a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the Kirkpatrick model. This questionnaire can be used as an appropriate tool to evaluate the training courses in accordance with the BASNEF model to increase the duration of using headphones by workers.  },  
Keywords = {Evaluation, Kirkpatrick model, Validity, Reliability, Questionnaire, Hearing protection

},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {193-198}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mehri, Hamidreza and Karimi, Ali and Golbabaei, Farideh and SepahiZoeram, Faezeh},  
title = {The Systematic Analysis of Factors Affecting Industrial Crises Management in Process Industries Using the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process Analysis Approach}, 
abstract ={Background: Process industries are very complex and defective, therefore they are prone to crisis. An industrial crisis is an event with a low likelihood of occurrence but severe consequences that threatens the survival of an organization .It is described by the cause or the reasons of ambiguous and unknown solutions. It is also believed that the decisions should be made as soon as possible and not under pressure from time to time. This study was aimed to analyze and to value factors affecting industrial crisis management in the process industries through fuzzy AHP. Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran in 1397. Following a library study and the use of experts, a comprehensive and suitable model for managing the industrial crises was selected. A paired comparison questionnaire was developed to allow the experts to compare the elements two by two and to express the relative superiority of one to the other. Finally, by using the fuzzy hierarchy analysis method, the importance of this criteria and sub-criteriafor crisis management was identified. Results: The results, compared with other factors in the research, showed that the crisis prevention factor had the highest relative weight (6 3/0). After this factors, disaster preparedness (22/0), crisis management (1 2/0), and post-crisis management (03/0) had the highest importance. “Risk management”, "training, simulation", "identity crisis" and "assessing, correcting" were respectively the most important sub-criteria for each phases of crisis management. Conclusion: The present study showed that crisis prevention was the most important criterion for the effective management of industrial crises and" rapid alert inspection", "risk management" and "response to emergency conditions  " were considered to be the sub-criteria. So, in order to effectively manage the industrial crisis, the managers and investors need to pay most attention to the risk management sub-criteria (the most important sub-criteria was to prevent a crisis with relative weights 4- 4/0 compared with other sub-criteria of this factor).},  
Keywords = {Crisis preparedness, Crisis prevention, Crisis incident management, Post crisis management},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {199-208}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hokmabadi, Rajabali and Fallah, Hossein and Esmailzadeh, Mortez},  
title = {Ergonomic Evaluation of Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Construction Workers by Key Indicator Method (KIM)}, 
abstract ={Background: Construction activities are dicey businesses such that the existing peril not only threatens the person's safety, but also has health impacts. Inappropriate work postures, vibration and prolonged standing from using physical workload resources are known to cause musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical posture of construction workers using key indicator method. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 150 construction workers were assessed in Bojnourd city. They included reinforcement workers, plasterers, tile installers, stoneworkers and painters. Thirty individuals from each of these professions were evaluated. This study was conducted using simple randomized sampling and in-person sessions. The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was evaluated using Nordic questionnaire while working postures was assessed using KIM. Data was analyzed by chi-square. with SPSS19 software (P-Value =0.05).Results: The mean age of the workers was 29.28 (6.329), the average working experience was 4.91 ( 5.574) years and the mean duration of work was 6.34 (1.16). The Min and Max scores for workers' postural work were 18 and 64, respectively; and the average final score was 40.59 (11.941). There was no significant difference in terms of the relationship between the final score with age and work experience. However, a significant difference was observed in relation to the duration of the work and the type of task. The average final score for the reinforcement workers, stone workers, plasterer, painter and tile installer was 50.67 (8.227), 47.6(6.29), 45 (6.052), 5.188 (38), and 21.7 (3.12), respectively. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are frequent in construction workers. Consequently, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers. These measures include provision of ergonomic guidelines in the design of work stations, tools and training of workers in the field on correct lifting techniques.},  
Keywords = {Ergonomic evaluation, Risk factor, Musculoskeletal disorders, Key indicator method

},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {209-215}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Beheshti, Mohammad Hossein and Borhanijebeli, Maryam and Tajpoor, Ali},  
title = {Evaluating the Potential Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Postural Loading of Task Postures in Bakery}, 
abstract ={Background: Bakery workers due to the nature of their job are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders caused by ergonomic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in bakery workers. Methods: In this study, all tasks of baking Sangak, Taftoon and Lavash in the bakeries in Gonabad were selected based on census method, and, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method was used for task analysis and job was degraded to tasks, actions and movements., LUBA and OCRA method was implemented to identify common risk factors in repetitive tasks that can contribute to develop musculoskeletal disorders of upper limbs. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: According to the results of this study, the score of OCRA index for employees as Chanegir (a person who makes dough balls) and baker investigated in 3 types of bakery was more than 4(red area). In general, LUBA score was obtained more than 10 for the 83.33% of workers in Tafton bakeries, 100% of Sangak bakery employees and 91.66 % of workers in Lavash bakery. LUBA score for any samples was not below 5 (action level one). Highest relative discomfort score for Nangeer (a person who takes bread out of oven) and baker of Tafton bakery was in back area and in Chanegir was neck and shoulder area.  Highest relative discomfort score in Shater, Chanegir and Nangeer of lavash bakery is was lumbar area and neck and in Shater and Nangire of Sangak bakery was in elbow and wrist area. The correlation results of OCRA index and LUBA in Lavash, Sangak and Taftoon bakery were 0.26, 0.03 and 0.24 respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive tasks was relatively high in the bakeries and ergonomic interventions were required in order to redesign the job.},  
Keywords = {Risk factors, Ergonomics, Bakery, LUBA index, OCRA index},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {216-224}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-107-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-107-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abbasi, Asieh and Kouhnavard, Bahram and Mehrparvar, Amir Hoshang and Mihanpour, Hamideh},  
title = {The Effect of Education on Improving the Working Conditions of Computer Users}, 
abstract ={Introduction: A large part of the compensation payments is allocated to the musculoskeletal disorders of the injured employees. The economic losses imposed by these disorders affect not only the individuals, but also the organizations and communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention on improving the working conditions of the computer-using employees working in Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted among the employees of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. In this regard, 100 computer users were randomly selected and the study was conducted in three stages of investigating the current situation, implementing the educational intervention, and re-investigating the situation. We collected the information one month before and one month after the educational course. For this purpose, we used the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) checklist 1910/0900 (31 questions).We analyzed the data using SPSS version 19 and run Chi-square and descriptive statistics to determine the frequency. The significance level was also considered at 0.05. Results: We found that the postures of the participants were unfavorable before the intervention and they were unconscious about it. However, after the intervention, we observed a significant change in their postures (P <0.05). Moreover, we investigated the effect of intervention on desk and workstation medical condition and found no significant difference between the results before and after the intervention (P> 0.05). In other words, we cannot change the inappropriately designed desk or workstation by the training intervention. Conclusion: Interventions based on the ergonomic training had a positive effect on the improvement of participants' posture at work. This improvement one month after the intervention can confirm the sustainable effectiveness of such programs. In addition, educational intervention did not have any effect on the workstations; the training program could not change the workstations that were undesirable in terms of ergonomics.},  
Keywords = {Office staff, Education, Ergonomic status, Workstation},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {225-232}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Laal, Fereydoon and MoradiHanifi, Saber and Mohammadian, Yousef and FallahMadvari, Rohollah},  
title = {Investigating the Causes of the Incidents and Monitoring the Safety System before and after the Implementation of OHSAS 18001 in a Combined Cycle Power Plant}, 
abstract ={Background: In order to protect human resources, health and safety management systems such as OHSAS 18001, which is based on prevention, are necessary in projects. Therefore, the present study analyzes the incidents and evaluates the monitoring safety performance indicators based on work experience before and after the implementation of OHSAS 1800. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed on all incident victims during 2004 to 2011 at Yazd Combined Cycle Power Plant by census method. Data were extracted from the incident report checklists as well as technical protection committee documents of the plant. The AFR, ASR, FSI, FR, and IR indices were calculated based on OSHA standard before and after the implementation of OHSAS 18001. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-square were used for data analysis. Meanwhile, the significance level was considered equal to 0.05.Results: 287 work-related incidents occurred during an 8-year period (2004-2011(. The 44.9% of incidences (n=129) were reported in the age group under 30 years and  the lowest incidence rate was observed in the age group over 50. 97% of the incidents were reported in men while 2.8% of the incidents were reported in women. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between age and work experience as well as age and marital status. There was also a significant decrease in the indices in the years after the implementation of OHSAS 18001. Conclusion: The results showed that the implementation of safety systems and deployment of OHSAS 18001 has reduced the incident indices based on work experience. Therefore, health and safety management systems are suitable tools for reducing incident rates and incident indices are also appropriate for monitoring the safety performance.},  
Keywords = {OHSAS 18001, Occupational accident, Incident indices},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {233-239}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mojadam, Maryam and Ebadi, Zeinab and Ghanbari, Sahebeh and Hajibabaei, Maji},  
title = {The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Assessment of Body Status among Employees of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Postural evaluation can assist in detecting or predicting the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to assess the body status of employees of administrative departments of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz during work using RULA method. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 266 university staffs using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The workstations of the employed individuals were selected using RULA questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS Version 16 using Chi-square and independent t-test. Results: The participants of the study included 47.7 percent of female and 52.3 percent of male employees. The results showed that backache (53.4%)   and the neck ache (53.4%) had the highest prevalence within the employees.  In addition, 62.5 percent of people  were at the corrective levels of 2 and 3. Conclusion: Inappropriate postures can act as an important risk factor regarding musculoskeletal disorders.  The results revealed that women were at a higher risk of ergonomic risk factors.  },  
Keywords = {Administrative occupations, Musculoskeletal disorders, RULA

},
volume = {2},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {240-244}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2018}  
}