@article{ 
author = {Bajoghli, Mehrsh},  
title = {Comparison of Application of AERMOD and ISCST3 Models for Simulating the Dispersion of Emitted Pollutant from the Stack of an Industrial Plant in Different Time Scales}, 
abstract ={​Introduction: One of the main components of air quality management is modeling of atmospheric pollutants. The models by predicting and analyzing the emitted pollutant from various sources of pollution can contribute to effective implementation of policies to control and reduce the effects and costs resulting from these emissions. In this regards, simultaneous application of several models in a project and comparing the results obtained from these models could have considerable contribution on air quality managers for taking a more efficient decision. Methods: In this study, the stack of an industrial plant in the southwest of Isfahan was selected as the emission source and the total suspended particles emitted from this stack was simulated by applying AERMOD and ISCST3 models. Here the modelling process was conducted using MM5 meteorological data in a 50 50 km extent with 2000m network distance for each of the models. Results: Results indicated that the highest simulated concentration for both models occurred in a 2000 meters distance in the east of the stack. Moreover, the highest simulated concentration applying AERMOD was lower than that of applying ISCST3 in all term averages which is due to existing differences between applied algorithms in these two models. Conclusion: consequently, applying AERMOD due to the use of more advanced and up to date algorithms have priority over ISCST3 model. Applying ISCST3 can also be useful for small projects that require less input data compared to the AERMOD.  },  
Keywords = {AERMOD, ISCST3, Modeling, Concentration},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {245-251}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {ارزیابی کاربرد همزمان مدل های AERMOD و ISCST3 برای شبیه سازی پراکنش آلاینده های منتشر شده از دودکش یک واحد صنعتی},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i1.342 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bolghanabadi, Somayeh and MousaviKordmiri, Seyyed Hojjat and GHalehassani, Shima and Delkhani, Fariba and Taziki, Fateme},  
title = {Effect of Fatigue on Job Performance and Musculoskeletal Disorders among Power Plant Staff}, 
abstract ={Background: The sustainability and strength of an organization strongly depends on the mental, physical, and physiological health of its employees. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fatigue and stress on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, job performance and their relationship considering some demographic variables in this society. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2017. The study populations were administrative employees of the power plant, and sampling was done by census method. Three standard questionnaires about job fatigue and job performance and Nordic questionnaire were distributed among 62 employees. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20; descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. Results: All 62 samples were male, and the mean and standard deviation of their age were 41.52 (7.71) years and the mean of work experience was 12.13 (6.25) years. According to the results, 53% of the samples showed high and very high fatigue; the fatigue score was 3.96 that indicated the moderate level. The job performance score was 38.3, which was considered at the low level. Also, there was an inverse and significant relationship between fatigue and job performance (P = 0.03, r = -0.37), and there was a significant relationship between fatigue, performance and neck and back areas (p <0.05).},  
Keywords = {Fatigue, Job performance, Power plant personnel, Musculoskeletal disorders},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {252-258}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {نقش خستگی بر عملکرد شغلی و بروز اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی کارکنان نیروگاه},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: . پایداری و قدرت یک سازمان وابسته به سلامت روحی، روانی و فیزیکی کارکنان شاغل در آن سازمان است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فاکتورهای خستگی، استرس و عملکرد شغلی و ارتباط آن‌ها با برخی متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی در این جامعه بود. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر به صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی و در سال 1396 انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه کارکنان اداری نیروگاه بودند که نمونه گیری از آن‌ها نیز به صورت سرشماری انجام شد. سه پرسشنامه استاندارد با موضوع خستگی شغلی، عملکرد شغلی و پرسشنامه نوردیک بین62 نفر در بین افراد توزیع گردید. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 20 و با کاربرد آماره‌های توصیفی، آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: 62 نفر نمونه مورد پژوهش، همگی مرد با میانگین و انحراف معیار سنی 71/7±52/41 و میانگین سابقه کار 25/6±13/12 سال بودند. طبق نتایج 53 درصد افراد دارای خستگی زیاد و بسیار زیاد بودند که نمره خستگی 96/3 محاسبه که در سطح متوسط قرار داشت.. عملکرد شغلی افراد نیز 3/38 محاسبه شد که در سطح پایینی قرار داشت. همچنین بین خستگی و عملکرد شغلی رابطه معکوس و معناداری یافت شد و بین این دو عامل و بیشتر نواحی بدن رابطه معنی داری یافت گردید. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجا که بیش از 50 درصد افراد دارای خستگی زیاد به بالا بودند و بیش از 60 درصد افراد عملکرد پایین با درد در نواحی مختلف بدن داشتند، پیشنهاد می گردد که شناخت منابع خستگی و ناراحتی اسکلتی عضلانی و راهکارهای رویارویی با آن می‌تواند به کاهش خستگی و افزایش عملکرد شغلی و افزایش سلامت در این کارکنان کمک نماید.},
keywords_fa = {خستگی, عملکرد شغلی , کارکنان نیروگاه, اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i1.343 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SiahiAhangar, Atefeh and Ghanbari, Sahebeh and Hajibabaei, Majid and Saremi, Mahnaz and Azadi, Narges and Jahani, Fereshteh and KarimPour, Sanaz and Abedini, Moslem and Mohammadpour, Hass},  
title = {Inter-Rater Reliability of Ergonomic Risk Assessment Methods}, 
abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational diseases, and in recent years, several methods have been developed to evaluate risk factors for these types of disorders. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 tasks in small industries including carpentry, turning, welding, loading and unloading, and sewing were recorded with a video camera and in the second stage, the postures were reviewed and evaluated by six raters. In total, forty of the worst and most frequent postures were analyzed by self-raters and then, the same risk levels were determined for the six methods and analyzed with correlation and Kappa agreement coefficient tests using SPSS (version 19), and then they were compared with each other using the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The results revealed the importance of Kappa Coefficient in which it shows the risk level of different method and specified pair method: OCRA/SI =0.25, OCRA/HAL=0.2, SI/HAL= 0.32, SI/ RULA= 0.33, REBA/OCRA = 0.4, QEC/SI= 0.27, QEC/ RULA= 0.23Inter-rater Reliability of the methods was found as follow:ICCOCRA=0.3, ICCSI= 0.67, ICCHAL= 0.8, ICCRULA= 0.85, ICCREBA=0.8, ICCQEC=0.972.Conclusions: The results showed that there was no complete agreement among the methods. This agreement among methods is evaluated from poor to good (0.2-0.4). The ICC showed high reliability in the methods except in the OCRA method.},  
Keywords = {Risk assessment, Reliability, Agreement of Methods, Posture.},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {259-267}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {توافق روش های مشاهداتی برای ارزیابی عوامل خطرساز بیومکانیک},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i1.344 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmadi, Omran and Samaei, Seyed Ehsan and Farokhzad, Maryam and Rasoulzadeh, Yahy},  
title = {Identifying Hazardous Points in Foundry Industry Using a Hybrid Safety Approach}, 
abstract ={Background: In recent years, the foundry industry has had a significant impact on Iran's economy. However, the health and safety conditions of this industry are in an unfavorable status, and these conditions have caused a lot of accidents. In this regards, one of the most important ways to prevent accidents in this industry can be identifying hazardous points and adopting appropriate control measures. The aim of the study was to identify hazardous points in foundry industry using a hybrid safety approach. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in the foundry industry of Iran, in 2016. The study method consisted of two parts. First, the accidents of foundry were analyzed. Second, the Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA) technique was used to identify hazards and assess the risks. The collected and obtained data of accidents and risk assessment were entered into the statistical SPSS software, version 22, and descriptive statistics (mean, percent) were used for analyzing. Also, Microsoft Excel was used to plot the graphs. Results: A total of 128 risks is identified, including 17 unacceptable risks, 93 undesirable risks, 13 acceptable risks with revision and five acceptable risks without revision. The mechanical and physical energies had the highest percentage of hazards. The results of accidents analysis showed that the cause of most accidents (40%) was mechanical, while 23% of them was the potential type. The study results indicated that accidents analysis along with risks identification can be useful in identifying all the dangerous locations (points). Conclusion: In addition to validating the results of risk assessment through the analysis of accidents, other causes affecting the occurrence of accidents can also be covered by accident analysis, including unsafe behaviors and organizational causes that are not seen in the risk assessment.},  
Keywords = {Accident analysis, Hazard identification, ETBA},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {268-275}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {شناسایی نقاط خطرناک در صنعت ریخته گری با استفاده از یک روش ایمن پیشگیرانه و واکنش پذیر},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i1.345 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {NaseriKarimvand, Mahshid and Hasheminejad, Naser and FaghihiZarandi, Ali and Jahani, Yones},  
title = {Evaluation of Workload and Human Errors in Nurses}, 
abstract ={Background: Identification of human errors and their related factors in nurses dealing with the health of humans is important. Considering that much workload can increase the risk of human error, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between workload and human errors among nurses working in educational hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 145 nurses from educational hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 20. The workload was evaluated using the NASA-TLX questionnaire and human errors with SHERPA technique. The statistical test used was logistic regression model and the statistical significance level was considered <0.05 and the samples were selected randomly. The sample size was selected based on the percentage of functional errors reported by a study on human error assessment related to the duties of nurses in Semnan. Results: A total of 138 probable errors were detected in the nursing staff of these hospitals, 74% of nurses committed errors in seven main duties during their service. Patient medication with the highest frequency (34%) followed by the injection of the drug to the patient with a frequency of 23% were the most frequently committed errors by nurses. The findings of the research showed that workload in 53.1% of the nurses was very high and in 43.1% of the nurses was high, the results of the logistic regression model showed that there was no significant relationship between errors and workload in nurses. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the average workload and human error in the nurses were high. Therefore, control strategies such as holding training sessions, implementation of clinical governance program in all wards, recruitment of adequate nurses, reduction of workload, reduction of work hours and the appropriate patient/nurse ratio should be given attention by the hospital managers depending on conditions; as well as the prevention of the two reported errors should be given top priority in corrective measures},  
Keywords = {Workload, NASA-TLX, Human error, Nurses, Kerman University of Medical Sciences},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {276-282}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {ارزیابی ارتباط بین بارکاری و خطاهای انسانی  در پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستانهای آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان در سال 1394},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: شناسایی خطاهای انسانی و عوامل مرتبط با آن در پرستاران که با سلامتی انسانها سر و کار دارند حائز اهمیت است؛ با توجه به اینکه بارکاری زیاد می تواند امکان بروز خطاهای انسانی را افزایش دهد، لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین بارکاری و خطاهای انسانی در بین پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان های آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر از نوع مقطعی و توصیفی - تحلیلی می باشد که بر روی 145 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان های آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان در سال 1394 انجام شد. بار کاری با استفاده از پرسشنامه NASA-TLX  و  خطاهای انسانی با تکنیک SHERPA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: در مجموع در بخش پرستاری بیمارستانهای مذکور تعداد 138 خطای محتمل شناسایی شدند، 74% از پرستاران در طول دوره خدمت خود در 7 وظیفه اصلی مرتکب خطا شده بودند. دادن دارو به بیمار با فراوانی 34% بیشترین و سپس تزریق دارو به بیمار با فراوانی 23% در رتبه دوم خطاهای ارتکابی پرستاران قرار گرفت. یافته های حاصل از تحقیق نشان داد، بار کاری در 1/53% از پرستاران خیلی زیاد و در 4/43% از آنها زیاد بود، نتایج مدل رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد که بین خطاهای ارتکابی در پرستاران با بار کاری رابطه معناداری وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: : نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین بار کاری و خطای انسانی در پرستاران مورد مطالعه زیاد بود لذا لازم است راهکارهای کنترلی از جمله برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی، اجرای برنامه حاکمیت بالینی در تمام بخش ها، استخدام کافی پرستار، کاهش بارکاری، کاهش ساعت کاری و نسبت صحیح بیمار به پرستار بر حسب شرایط مورد توجه مدیران بیمارستانها قرار گیرد؛ همچنبن  پیشگیری از دو خطای ارتکابی ذکر شده در الویت اقدامات اصلاحی قرار گیرند.  },
keywords_fa = {بارکاری, NASA-TLX, خطای انسانی, پرستاران, دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان},

doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v3i1.346 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Razeghi, Omid and Hormozi, Behrouz and Hormozi, Akbar},  
title = {Effective Safety and Health Measures in Preventing H2S Poisoning among Wastewater Network Operators}, 
abstract ={Background: Waste water networks were constructed and established to collect and transfer the swage in cities. In this regard, the occupation related to the operation of wastewater networks was created and flourished to improve and study the application of networks. One of the hazards that threaten the life of wastewater operators is poisoning by inhalation of hydrogen sulfide gas produced by wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective safety and health measures in prevention of hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning among the wastewater network operators. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out on 23 operators who worked in the main lines of wastewater transfer in Tehran. In order to collect the data, we used the focused group discussion in five months; from August 1, 2017 to the end of December 2017. The results were collected using the databases' analysis and the focused group discussions. The collected information was implemented and practiced in various maneuvers under probable scenarios and the possibility of operating them was investigated.Results: The average age of participants was 34.8 years and they were in the range of 24- 51 years. Participants were male and their educational degrees included diploma and lower degrees (N =4), bachelor's degree (N =11), and master's degree (N =3). The effective control measures to prevent H2S poisoning were classified into three categories of engineering controls, managing controls, and using the personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The results showed that the highest frequency of efficient control measures was related to engineering controls, which indicated the high effect of engineering maneuver on the prevention of H2S poisoning among operators of wastewater networks. Management controls and use of personal protective equipment were in the next steps, respectively. In order to have complete efficiency, we should consider the control measures in all three areas.},  
Keywords = {H2S, Asphyxiation by gas, Wastewater network},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {283-290}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی اقدامات ایمنی و بهداشتی موثردر پیشگیری از مسمومیت با گاز H2S در بهره برداران شبکه های فاضلاب (مطالعه موردی)},
abstract_fa ={امروزه با احداث و تکمیل شبکه های جمع آوری و انتقال فاضلاب در شهرها، شغل بهره برداری از شبکه های فاضلاب جهت بازدید و بازرسی از قسمت های مختلف آن نیز رونق بسیاری یافته است. یکی از خطراتی که بهره برداران شبکه های فاضلاب را تهدید می نماید مسمومیت و حتی مرگ در اثر استنشاق گاز هیدروژن سولفید تولید شده توسط فاضلاب است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اقدامات ایمنی و بهداشتی موثردر پیشگیری از مسمومیت با گاز هیدروژن سولفید در بهره برداران شبکه های فاضلاب می باشد.},
keywords_fa = {گاز هیدروژن سولفید, گازگرفتگی, شبکه فاضلاب },

doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v3i1.347 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghorbani, Ahmad and Soltanzadeh, Ahm},  
title = {An Investigation of the Attitudes of Health & Safety Personnel toward Safety in Construction Projects}, 
abstract ={Background: With the development of technology and its increased use, potential dangers in industrial environments has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of the Fajr Institute's Health & Safety Executive (HSE) personnel toward safety. Method: The study population consisted of HSE staff (n: 39). Data gathering tool in this descriptive-analytical study was a researcher-developed, 30-item questionnaire with acceptable validity (1.9) and reliability (0.87). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 19. Samples were selected by census sampling and the entire study population was studied. Statistical methods used were mean, variance, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and factor analysis. Result: The average age of the participants was 28.6 years, 56.5% of them were single and 43.5% married. The average work experience of the participants was 5.2 years. Bachelor's degree (54%) and Master's degree (23%) were the most and least frequent academic degrees, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed age and work experience were not correlated with safety attitudes. The t-test results showed there was a significant difference between the viewpoints of single and married workers and attitude variable (P<0.01).The t-test results also showed there was no significant difference between education level and attitude. Conclusion: According to the factor analysis results, items were classified into four categories: management factors, educational factors, communication factors, and regulatory factors.  },  
Keywords = {Safety, attitude, Factor analysis, Health & Safety Executive personnel},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {291-298}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی نگرش کارکنان HSE نسبت به ایمنی شغلی  (مورد مطالعه: کارکنان HSE مؤسسه فجر)},
abstract_fa ={با توسعه تکنولوژی و افزایش کاربرد آن احتمال بروز خطرات در محیط‏های صنعتی زیادتر شده است. ایمنی شاخه‏ای از علم است که به تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل مخاطره‏آمیز می‏پردازد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی نگرش کارکنان HSE مؤسسه فجر نسبت به ایمنی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را کارکنان HSE مؤسسه فجر تشکیل دادند (N= 39). ابزار جمع‏آوری داده‏ها پرسشنامه بود که دارای روایی و پایایی مورد قبول بود (87/.) و به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها از نرم‏افزار SPSS 19 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد میانگین سنی  6/28 سال است و 5/56 درصد از پاسخگویان مجرد و 5/43 درصد از پاسخگویان متأهل هستند. میانگین سابقه کاری کارکنان نیز 2/5 سال است. همچنین مقطع کارشناسی (54 درصد) و فوق‏لیسانس(23 درصد) به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین تراکم هستند. از بین 30 گویه مطرح شده به منظور بررسی نگرش شناخت لوازم حفاظت فردی، استفاده از ابزار کار مناسب و کار کردن ایمن در تمام ساعات کاری اولویت‏های اول تا سوم را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتیجه ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد بین متغیرهای سن و سابقه‏ی کاری با متغیر نگرش به ایمنی ارتباط معنی‏داری وجود ندارد اما بین متغیر واحد شغلی و نگرش در سطح 01/ درصد ارتباط وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون t نشان داد بین دیدگاه کارکنان مجرد و متأهل با متغیر نگرش در سطح 01/0 تفاوت معنی‏داری وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون t همچنین نشان داد بین میزان تحصیلات و متغیر نگرش تفاوت معنی‏داری وجود ندارد.  },
keywords_fa = {ایمنی, نگرش, کارکنان HSE},

doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v3i1.348 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MoradiHanifi, Saber and Laal, Fereydoon and Panjali, Zahra and Khoubi, Jamshi},  
title = {Health risk Assessment of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in a Refinery}, 
abstract ={Background: Process units, due to performance conditions at high pressure and high temperatures, are prone to many health risks that can lead to adverse effects during work. In order to identify health hazards, assess their risks and make appropriate decisions to control the risk and improve the health of individuals in this regard, the assessment of health risks is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and prioritize health risks in a refinery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a refinery in 2012. In this study, 14 important chemical substances were identified and analyzed.  Excel analysis was used to analyze the data. To assess the health risks due to chemical exposure the methodology proposed by the Department of Health Care in University of Singapore was used. First, important chemicals were identified and then the degree of risk and degree of exposure to chemicals were calculated and finally the level of health risk due to exposure to chemicals was determined. Results: The results showed that from 14 identified cases, exposure to diglycol diamine had a risk level of 4.47 (very high), hydrogen sulfide a risk level of 3.87 (high level), and molybdenum and nickel base catalysts a health risk of 3.87 (high), all of which were in a range of  unacceptable risk. Conclusion: In this study exposure to diglycol diamine, hydrogen sulfide, and molybdenum and nickel based catalysts was in the range of unacceptable risk. Using management and engineering controls such as personnel training, shortening the work shift of individuals, pre-recruitment and periodical examinations, designing a ventilation system, and the use of detectors and discovery equipment are recommended to reduce the level of risk.},  
Keywords = {Health risk assessment, Refinery, Catalysts, Hydrogen disulfide},
volume = {3},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {299-306}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {ارزیابی ریسک مواجهه با  عوامل زیان آور شیمیایی در یک پالایشگاه},
abstract_fa ={ مقدمه : واحد های فرایندی بدلیل شرایط عملکرد در فشار و دمای بالا مستعد ریسک های بهداشتی بسیاری هستندکه می توانند در هنگام کار عوارض سوء ی را بدنبال داشته باشد . به منظور شناسایی مخاطرات بهداشتی  ، ارزیابی ریسک های آن ها وتصمیم گیری مناسب برای کنترل ریسک وبهبودسلامت افراددر این زمینه ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی و اولویت بندی ریسک های بهداشتی وارائه برنامه مدیریت ریسک است .  روش بررسی : این مطالعه  به صورت مقطعی در یک پالایشگاه در سال 1391 انجام گرفت ، در این مطالعه 14 ماده شیمیایی مهم شناسایی و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و برای تجزیه تحلیل دادها از نرم افزار اکسل استفاده شده است . جهت ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی ناشی از مواجهه با مواد شیمیایی از روش ارئه شده دپارتمان بهداشت حرفه ای دانشگاه سنگاپور استفاده گردیده ، برای این کار ابتدا مواد شیمیایی مهم شناسایی  و سپس درجه خطر و درجه مواجهه با مواد شیمیایی محاسبه و در نهاین سطح ریسک بهداشتی مواجهه با مواد شیمیایی تعیین گردید .    یافته ها : نتایج نشان داد از 14 ماده شمیایی شناسایی شده ، مواجهه با  دی گلیکول دی آمین دارای سطح ریسک 4.47 ( سطح خیلی بالا) ، هیدروژن دی سولفوره دارای سطح ریسک 3.87 ( سطح بالا ) ، و کاتالیست های با پایه مولیبدن و نیکل دارای سطح ریسک 3.87 ( سطح بالا)در محدوده ریسک های غیرقابل قبول قرار دارند .    بحث و نتیجه گیری : تحلیل نهایی حاکی از آن است که ریسک های بهداشتی مذکور در دراز مدت می توانند موجب اختلال در درک بو (حاصل از بوی تند سولفور ) و اختلالات سیستمیک ( ناشی از تماس با گردوغبار کاتالیست ها )  ومشکلات تنفسی ( ناشی از تماس با دی گلیکول آمین) شود . استفاده از وسایل حفاظت فردی مناسب ، کنترل های مدیریتی مانند گردش شغلی  و جایگزینی مواد شیمیایی کم خطر به عنوان راهکارهای کنترلی پیشنهاد می گردد.    },
keywords_fa = {ارزیابی ریسک شیمیایی , پالایشگاه , کاتالیست ها , هیدروژن سولفوره },

doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v3i1.349 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Etemadinezhad, Siavash and Abbasi, Milad and AlizadeLarimi, Ahmad and YazdaniCharati, Jamshid and JaffariTalaarposhti, Roghay’eh},  
title = {Noise Annoyance and Perception by Low-Frequency Noise in Students}, 
abstract ={Background: Low-frequency noise as a detrimental occupational and environmental factor which can cause noise annoyance. In addition to noise, factors such as sensitivity and awareness of adverse health effects of noise seem to play an important role in causing annoyance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of noise annoyance and loudness perception caused by exposure to low-frequency noise with noise sensitivity. Methods: To achieve this goal, 80 students were exposed to low-frequency noise exposure at 65 dBA in an acoustic room. After one hour of exposure, the subjects completed the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale, Loudness Perception Scale, and Noise Annoyance Scale. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test and the Multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that the mean score of noise annoyance and loudness perception was significantly higher in the group with high noise sensitivity. Also, increasing the awareness of the harmful effects of noise significantly increased the level of annoyance and loudness perception of individuals. The results of MANOVA showed that noise sensitivity has a significant effect on both the response variables. Also, awareness of the harmful effects of noise only affects loudness perception. The interaction effect of two independent variables was not significant on any of the response variables .Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that noise sensitivity and awareness of the harmful effects of noise are two important factors that exacerbate the annoyance caused by exposure to low-frequency noise. },  
Keywords = {Noise annoyance, Loudness perception, Low-frequency noise, Audio sensitivity},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {307-313}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی ارتباط آزردگی و  درک ناشی از مواجهه با صدای فرکانس پایین با حساسیت صوتی},
abstract_fa ={زمینه: صدای فرکانس پایین بعنوان یک عامل زیان آور شغلی و محیطی موجب آزردگی صوتی می شود. بنظر می رسد که علاوه بر صدا فاکتورهایی از قبیل حساسیت و آگاهی از خطرات بهداشتی صدا نقش فعالی در ایجاد آزردگی دارند. لذا این مطالعه با هداف بررسی ارتباط آزردگی و  درک ناشی از مواجهه با صدای فرکانس پایین با حساسیت صوتی انجام گردید. روش: جهت دستیابی به این هدف 80 دانشجو تحت مواجهه با صدای فرکانس پایین با تراز 65دسی بل A بررسی قرار گرفتند. پس از یک ساعت مواجهه با صدا در اتاق اکوستیک، از افراد پرسشنامه حساسیت صوتی، مقیاس درک و آزردگی صوتی را تکمیل کردند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون من ویتنی، کروسکال والیس و آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره  (MANOVA) در نرم افزار SPSS 20 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج: نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که میانگین نمره آزردگی صوتی و درک صوتی در گروه با حساسیت صوتی زیاد به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود. همچنین با افزایش آگاهی افراد از اثرات مضر صدا بطور معنی داری نمره آزردگی و درک افراد افزایش یافت. نتایج MANOVA نشان داد که حساسیت صوتی اثر معنی داری بر هر دو متعیر پاسخ دارد. همچنین آگاهی از اثرات مضر صدا تنها بر روی درک صوتی اثر می گذارد. بطور کلی اثر متقابل دو متغیر روی هیچکدام از پاسخ ها معنی دار نبود. نتیجه گیری: بطور کلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که حساسیت صوتی و آگاهی از اثرات مضر صدا دو فاکتور مهم تشدید کننده آزردگی ناشی از مواجهه با صدای فرکانس پایین هستند.},
keywords_fa = { آزردگی صوتی, درک صوتی, صدای فرکانس پایین, حساسیت صوتی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.667},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghodsiniya, Mohammadhasan and Habibi, Ehs},  
title = {The Effects of Alarm on the Situation Awareness in Firefighter}, 
abstract ={Background: One of the effective factors on controlling fire stations' system is situational awareness potentially varying in different scenarios. This study will investigate the relationship between situational awareness, as a set of the cognitive attributes, and ergonomics. It has been proved that situational awareness improves the performance of an organization's staff. Methods: This is semi-experimental research in which 30 firefighters from Isfahan urban fire stations participated. Materials used in this research are brachial pressure, a pulse oximeter (fingertip), and Situation Awareness Assessment Approaches. In each step, five firefighters from one fire station were tested twice. Results: Average score of situational awareness did not change significantly after the fire station alarm compared to before it. After the alarm, physiological variables such as blood pressure and heart rate decreased and increased, respectively. The results showed work experience played a significant role in the score of situational awareness and increase in heartbeat. Conclusion: Given the lack of effect of alarm but the effect of work experience on situational awareness, experienced firefighters’ experiences and training can be used for improving situational awareness in young and inexperienced firefighters.  },  
Keywords = {Situation awareness, Fire station alarm, Firefighters

},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {314-317}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی تاثیر آلارم بر آگاهی موقعیتی آتش نشانان شهر اصفهان در سال 1397},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: یکی از عوامل تاثیرگذار بر عملکرد سیستم کنترل آتش‌نشانی و آتش‌نشان‌ها، میزان آگاهی از موقعیتی است که در صحنه‌های مختلف حوادث می‌تواند متغیر باشد. این مطالعه بیانگر ارتباط اندازه‌گیری آگاهی موقعیتی به عنوان مجموعه‌ای از خصیصه‌‌های شناختی با ارگونومی است و توجه به آگاهی موقعیتی برای بهبود عملکرد کارکنان یک سیستم کاری را مورد تائید قرار می‌دهد. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی می‌باشد.در این مطالعه 30 نفر از آتش نشان‌های ایستگاه‌های شهری اصفهان شرکت کردند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، دستگاه فشارسنج بازویی، دستگاه پالس اکسیمتر مدل(fingertip) و پرسشنامه آگاهی موقعیتی ناسا می‌باشد. در هر مرحله با مراجعه به یک ایستگاه تعداد 5 نفر از آتش‌نشانان در دو نوبت در مورد آزمون قرار داده شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین نمره آگاهی موقعیتی قبل و بعد از آلارم به طور معناداری تغیر نکرده است. و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک مثل فشار خون و ضربان قلب بعد از آلارم به ترتیب دچار کاهش و افزایش شده‌اند و همچنین سابقه کاری تاثیر معناداری بر نمره اگاهی موقعیتی وافزایش ضربان قلب دارد. نتیجه گیری: با استفاده از نتایج مطالعه حاضر می‌توان اعلام نمود که علی رغم مطلوب بودن نتایج، می‌توان از نتایج حاصله به منظور برنامه ریزی در راستای ارتقای رضایتمندی شغلی، ایمنی، حوادث و کاهش استرس شغلی استفاده نمود.  },
keywords_fa = {آگاهی موقعیتی, آلارم, آتش نشانان},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.668},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {sadeghi, afsaneh and Mehrafshan, Fatemeh and beheshti, mohammad hosei},  
title = {Sources of Noise Pollution in Mashhad Railway Station}, 
abstract ={Background: Exposure to noise is an important safety and health problem in many industries. The rail transport industry is one of the industries involved with this problem due to the variety of equipment and its scope.  The present study aimed to evaluate noise pollution and determine the sources of noise at Mashhad railway station. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study in 2014, the departments with noise pollution were identified and studied based on an initial assessment of all parts of the railway station. Noise was measured in ten departments and units. The environmental and local noise was measured by calibrated sound level meter Model CEL485 in A and C networks according to ISO9612 and ISO 11200 standards. Then the collected data entered and analyzed in Surfer V.10 and Excel software. Results: The results of noise measurement showed that the average sound pressure level in units of Diesel GM, repair shop, refueling station, Diesel Siemens, and platform 3 was in hazard range. The results of measurement of the average sound pressure level in departments and units and the isosonic mappings drawn by Surfer V.10 software as well as the results of the average noise level in GM diesel showed that GM diesel (with LP=87.60 dB (A)) is the main source of noise at Mashhad railway station. The results of this study showed that diesel engines, gearboxes, moving trains, and beeps are the main noise generator components in GM diesel. The highest mean sound pressure level among these components was related to the diesel engine with an average sound pressure level of 87.60 dB (A). In general, the average sound pressure level of this diesel was 95.45 dB in the dominant frequency of 63 Hz. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, GM diesel plays a major role in transporting at Mashhad railway station, accordingly the design and implementation of technical control measures such as chamber and enclosure of noise generator components are essential to reduce the average sound pressure level.},  
Keywords = {Noise pollution, Noise source, Railway station, Diesel, Sound level meter},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {318-324}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {Evaluation of noise pollution and determination of main sources of sound at Mashhad railway station},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.669},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {asivandzadeh, ehsan and Ghahremani, Farrokh and Alizadeh, Esmail and Abdolalipour, Ami},  
title = {The Role of Safety Climate on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Productivity}, 
abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational disorders. WMSDs are known as an influential factor in work productivity. Also, the safety climate plays an important role in the occupational health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between WMSDs, work productivity and safety climate. Methods: This quantitative, theoretical and descriptive study was performed on 344 employees. The samples were randomly selected. Data were gathered by means of the Body Map, Safety Climate, and Work Productivity questionnaires. This study was conducted on different types of jobs from three types of industries. STATISTICA software was used for all data analyses (SPSS Version 23) with a significant level of P <0.01. Results: One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the significant differences between industries and jobs, which indicated that there is a statistically significant difference. Correlations between the WMSDs, work productivity, and safety climate was tested using the parametric Pearson correlation coefficient that showed a significant negative correlation between WMSDs with work productivity and safety climate. Positive correlations were found between safety climate and work productivity. Conclusion: In general, safety climate and work productivity are important for the health and safety of employees, and this study showed that it might be also important for employees in construction industries.},  
Keywords = {Safety climate, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Work productivity},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {325-331}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {The Role of Safety Climate on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Productivity},
abstract_fa ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational disorders. WMSDs are known as an influential factor in work productivity. Also, the safety climate plays an important role in the occupational health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between WMSDs, work productivity and safety climate. Methods: This quantitative, theoretical and descriptive study was performed on 344 employees. The samples were randomly selected. Data were gathered by means of the Body Map, Safety Climate, and Work Productivity questionnaires. This study was conducted on different types of jobs from three types of industries. STATISTICA software was used for all data analyses (SPSS Version 23) with a significant level of P <0.01. Results: One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the significant differences between industries and jobs, which indicated that there is a statistically significant difference. Correlations between the WMSDs, work productivity, and safety climate was tested using the parametric Pearson correlation coefficient that showed a significant negative correlation between WMSDs with work productivity and safety climate. Positive correlations were found between safety climate and work productivity. Conclusion: In general, safety climate and work productivity are important for the health and safety of employees, and this study showed that it might be also important for employees in construction industries.},
keywords_fa = {Safety climate, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Work productivity},

doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v3i2.670},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azimi, Mohammad and Mansouri, Yasin and Mihanpour, Hamideh and RezaiHachasu, Vida and MohammadZadeh, Morteza and ZareSakhvidi, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {Application of Cluster Analysis for Classification of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles in a Tile and Ceramic Factory}, 
abstract ={Background: Particulate matter air pollution is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. By increasing the number of mineral industries in the two past decades, workers in these industries are exposed to pathogenic respirable particulate matter pollutants. Cluster analysis is a multivariate statistical analysis method. Clustering creates groups or classes that the difference between the sub-groups samples is less than the difference between the groups. Therefore, this study assigns the cluster analysis to air sampling data collected from the various units of a tile factory. Methods: In this observational study, sampling from the respiratory zone of 93 workers in a tile and ceramic factory for both respirable and inhalable particles were performed. Sampling of inhalable particle based on NIOSH_0500 protocol and respirable particles based on NIOSH_0600 was conducted. Data were analyzed by both R 3.2.2 software and hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward link. Results: 92.47% of Workers were exposed to respirable particles less than TLV and 39.8% of them were exposed to inhalable particles more than TLV. The maximum average exposure for respirable particles 13.04 mg/m3 and inhalable particles 84.88 mg/m3 is respectively reported for crusher unit. The lowest average exposures to respirable (0.41 mg/m3) and inhalable (min=1.74 mg/m3) particles were observed in the glaze line division. Conclusion: Since the workers are exposed to concentrations more than the threshold limit value of respirable particles, and especially inhalable particles in some units, appropriate control measures must be considered to prevent possible consequences.  },  
Keywords = {Air sampling, Particulate matter, Cluster analysis, Tile and ceramic industry},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {332-338}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {ارزیابی مواجهه تنفسی با ذرات هوابرد با استفاده از روش آنالیز خوشه ای در یک صنعت کاشی و سرامیک},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {نمونه برداری, مواد ذره ای, آنالیز خوشه ای, صنعت کاشی و سرامیک},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.671},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Samiei, Sajjad and alefi, mahsa and alaei, zahra and Pourbabaki, Rez},  
title = {Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy}, 
abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common factors that lead to occupational injuries among hospital staff. Considering the key role of hospital staffs in providing health services to patients, this study was conducted to assess risk factors that are effective on low back pain and the use of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to predict it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 90 nurses of the Isfahan hospitals in 2018. First, the risk factors that affect pain in the lumbar region was assessed, then a model with the precision of 0.91% to predict low back pain was developed using the ANFIS by the MATLAB2016a software. Results: First,  linear regression model showed four risk factors repetitive movements, long-standing, bending of the back, and carrying heavy objects were the most significant ones compared to other risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. After a study of these risk factors in the ANFIS, various tests were conducted and the best model with a confidence level of 91% was selected as the model. Conclusion: The ANFIS can be used as an appropriate tool to predict lower back pain.  },  
Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Nursing, Neuro-fuzzy system, Low back pain, Prediction 

},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {339-345}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای موثر در ایجاد درد ناحیه تحتانی کمر و استفاده از مدل فراابتکاری انفیس جهت پیش بینی درد در ناحیه تحتانی کمر},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: :  اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی یکی از شایع ترین  بیماری های شغلی در کارکنان بیمارستان می باشد. با توجه به نقش کلیدی کارکنان بیمارستان ها در ارائه خدمات بهداشتی به بیماران، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای موثر در ایجاد درد ناحیه تحتانی کمر و استفاده از مدل فراابتکاری انفیس جهت پیش بینی درد در ناحیه تحتانی کمر در پرستاران انجام شده است. روش کار: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی_تحلیلی در سال 1397 بر روی 90 نفر از پرستاران انجام شده است. پس از بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای موثر در ایجاد درد در ناحیه تحتانی کمر، یک مدل جهت پیش بینی درد در ناحیه تحتانی کمر با استفاده از سیستم نوروفازی توسط نرم افزار MATLAB2016a بدست آمد. یافته ها: در ابتدا با استفاده از آزمون رگرسیون در نرم افزار SPSS24 ، چهار ریسک فاکتور حرکات تکراری، ایستادن طولانی مدت، خمیدگی کمر و حمل و جابه جایی بار بیشترین معنا داری را نسبت به دیگر ریسک فاکتورهای مرتبط با اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی نشان دادند. پس از بررسی این ریسک فاکتورها در  سیستم نوروفازی،  تست های مختلفی صورت گرفت و بهترین مدل با سطح اطمینان 91 درصد به عنوان مدل مورد نظر انتخاب گردید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته ها می­توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از مدل نوروفازی می­تواند به عنوان یک ابزار مناسب جهت پیش بینی در ناحیه تحتانی کمر مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.  },
keywords_fa = {پیش بینی, پرستاران, سیستم نوروفازی (ANFIS), درد در ناحیه تحتانی کمر, اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی },

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.672},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Liravi, Mohammad-Ali and Baradaran, Vahi},  
title = {Effects of Workplace Ergonomics on Productivity in an Offshore Oil Company}, 
abstract ={Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the principles of ergonomics in both material and immaterial dimensions and employee productivity in (IOOC). Methods: Immaterial dimension of ergonomics was measured by variables such as freedom of activity at work and job feedback, and the material dimension of ergonomics was measured by factors such as workplace design and body position. The variables of the productivity construct based on the ACHIEVE model include ability, transparency, assistance, incentive, evaluation, credit, and environment. Each of the constructs was measured by an appropriate questionnaire filled out by 170 operational employees of the Company. Descriptive variables were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on the PLS method to investigate the research hypotheses. Results: The level of employee productivity and ergonomics of the workplace in the IOOC are not desirable due to difficult working conditions and lack of managers' paying attention. The hypothesis of the effectiveness of ergonomics on productivity was confirmed and the material dimension was more effective on employee productivity than the immaterial dimension of human factors. Conclusion: Due to the difficult conditions of the operational units of oil companies, attention should be directed to the physical conditions of the work environment. To improve employee productivity, certain plans for human resource development and management, revision of the designing of the work environment, and work measurement are proposed.},  
Keywords = {Ergonomics, Employee productivity, Iranian offshore oil company, Structural equation modeling

},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {346-354}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {تاثیر ابعاد مادی و غیرمادی ارگونومی محیط کار بر بهرهوری کارکنان در محیط‌های کاری دشوار (مطالعه موردی: شرکت نفت فلات قاره)},
abstract_fa ={شرایط محیط  کار یکی از عوامل بالقوه موثر بر بهره‌وری نیروهای انسانی در محیط‌های کاری دشوار است. در این مقاله ضمن شناسایی ابعاد مختلف مادی (شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار) و غیرمادی (شرایط غیرفیزیکی) ارگونومی محیط کار، اثرگذاری این ابعاد بر بهره‌وری کارکنان عملیاتی در شرکت نفت فلات قاره مطالعه شده است. سازه بُعد غیرمادی ارگونومی توسط متغیرهای آزادی عمل در کار، بازخورد شغلی، تنوع، هویت و اهمیت وظایف، اضافه باری، آموزش و ارتقاء و تعهد سازمانی و سازه بُعد مادی ارگونومی به وسیله عوامل تخصص درکار، مهارت لازم، فعالیت فیزیکی، جابجایی دستی، طراحی محل کار، وضعیت بدنی حین کار، صدا، شرایط جوی، روشنایی، گرد و غبار و مواد سمی، ارتعاش، برنامه زمانی کار، نمایشگر، کنترل‌ها، ماشین‌آلات، وسایل، ایمنی کار اندازه‌گیری شده‌اند. متغیرهای سازه بهره‌وری بر اساس مدل اَچیو شامل توانایی، وضوح، کمک، مشوق، ارزیابی، اعتبار و محیط است. هر یک از سازه‌ها بر اساس متغیرهای آشکار آنها توسط رویکرد پرسشنامه‌ای و روش نمونه‌گیری اندازه‌گیری شده‌اند. ضمن تحلیل توصیفی متغیرها از مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری و بر اساس روش PLS برای بررسی فرضیه‌های تحقیق استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، مقدار بهره‌وری و ارگونومی در شرکت مورد مطالعه در سطح مطلوبی قرار ندارند فرضیه اثرگذاری ارگونومی بر بهره‌وری تایید شده و بُعد مادی بیشتر از بُعد غیرمادی ارگونومی بر بهره‌وری کارکنان اثرگذار است. به دلیل شرایط سخت واحد عملیات شرکت‌های نفتی، توجه به شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در اولویت می‌باشد. برای بهبود بهره‌وری کارکنان برنامه‌هایی برای توسعه و مدیریت منابع انسانی، بازنگری طراحی‌های محیط کار و کارسنجی عملیات تدارک پیشنهاد می‌شود.},
keywords_fa = { ارگونومی, بهره‌وری کارکنان, شرکت نفت فلات قاره, مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.673},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hokmabadi, Rajabali and Taeebi, Hasan and Fallah, Hossei},  
title = {Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet and Infrared Radiation in Welders}, 
abstract ={Background: Human beings are always exposed to natural and artificial sources of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Welding is one of the jobs whose professionals may expose ultraviolet and infrared radiation and suffer from the resulting complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation in welders. Methods: This study was conducted on 70 welders in Bojnord city. The UV meter and the IR meter (Hanger) were used to conduct measurements. The measurements were conducted at 10, 50 and 100-cm distances from the welding site, and at two heights, the wrists and eyes. Eye symptoms caused by radiation were collected and recorded by checklist and observation. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The average age of the workers was 37(10) years, the average work experience was 18(11) years, and the average radiation exposure duration was 3.5(2) hours. The average ultraviolet radiation measured was 4.13(4.88) W/m2 and the average infrared radiation was 17.13(12.54) W/m2 at the welding stations. In 84% ​​of the stations, the measured ultraviolet radiation and in 100% of them, the measured infrared radiation was standard. There were 58 (83%) welders with at least one eye problem. There was a significant relationship between the amount of radiation, and the type of welding, exposure duration, and work history, but no significant relationship between the amount of radiation and height and distance of measurement. Conclusion: In order to prevent eye symptoms in welders, it is recommended to reduce the duration of exposure of the welders or welders should do welding during the day intermittently and use suitable personal protective equipment, especially a suitable welding mask, during welding.  },  
Keywords = {Ultraviolet radiation, Infrared radiation, Occupational exposure, welding process

},
volume = {3},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {355-359}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی میزان مواجهه شغلی با اشعه های ماوراء بنفش و مادون قرمز در جوشکاران},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: بشر همواره در مواجهه با تابش پرتو های یونساز و غیریونساز ناشی از منابع طبیعی و مصنوعی قرار دارد. جوشکاری از جمله مشاغلی می باشد که شاغلین این حرفه می توانند در مواجهه با اشعه های ماوراء بنفش و مادون قرمز قرار گیرند و دچار عوارض شوند. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه بررسی میزان مواجهه جوشکاران با اشعه های ماوراء بنفش و مادون قرمز در جوشکاران می باشد. روش کار: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. مطالعه در تابستان 1397 و بر روی 70 جوشکاری شهر بجنورد انجام گرفت. جهت اندازه گیری از دستگاه اندازه گیری UV سنج و IR سنج مدل هاگنر استفاده گردید که یک دستگاه قرائت مستقیم می باشد. اندازه گیری ها در فواصل 10، 50 و 100 سانتیمتری از محل جوشکاری و در دو ارتفاع مچ دست و چشم انجام گرفت. علائم چشمی ناشی از پرتوها توسط چک لیست و مشاهده جمع آوری و ثبت گردید. داده ها توسط نرم افزار آماری SPSS19 و با استفاده از آماره های توصیفی و آزمون های t-test و one way تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سن کارگران 10 37 سال، میانگین سابقه کار 11 18 سال و میانگین ساعت مواجهه کارگران 2 3.5 ساعت بود. میانگین میزان پرتو ماوراء بنفش اندازه گیری شده در ایستگاه های جوشکاری برابر 4.88 4.13 وات بر متر مربع و میانگین میزان پرتو مادون قرمز اندازه گیری شده برابر 12.54 17.13 وات بر متر مربع بود که 84%   ایستگاه های اندازه گیری شده اشعه ماوراء بنفش و 100% ایستگاه های اندازه گیری شده اشعه مادون قرمز در حد استاندارد بود. تعداد 58 نفر (83%) از جوشکاران دارای حداقل یک مشکل چشمی بود. ارتباط بین میزان پرتو اندازه گیری شده با نوع جوشکاری، مدت زمان مواجهه و سابقه کار معنادار و با ارتفاع و فاصله اندازه گیری معنادار نبود. نتیجه گیری: پیشنهاد می گردد به منظور پیشگیری از علائم چشمی در جوشکاران، ساعات مواجهه جوشکاران کاهش یافته و یا در طول روز به صورت متناوب جوشکاری انجام دهند و در زمان جوشکاری از وسایل حفاظت فردی بویژه ماسک جوشکاری مناسب استفاده نمایند. کلمات کلیدی: اشعه ماوراء بنفش، اشعه مادون قرمز، مواجهه شغلی، فرایند جوشکاری},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i2.674 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SedghiNoushabadi, Zhaleh and OmariShekaftik, Soqrat and Hosseini, Agha Fatemeh and Ashtarinezhad, Azadeh},  
title = {Blood Lead Level of Workers in a Printing Industry}, 
abstract ={Background: Different chemical materials especially inks are used in printing industry and lead is one of the ingredients that make up its pigments. Therefore, the objectives of present study were to examine blood lead levels and determine the correlation between hygiene behaviors and blood lead levels among workers in one of the printing industry located in the west of Tehran province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that conducted in 2018, 80 workers of a printing house were selected. Blood samples were collected according NIOSH 8003 method and analyzed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer GF 5000 model. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation test using SPSS 20. The significance level of 0.05 considered for results. Results: The range of blood lead levels was 0.0094 to 0.1968 ppb. Individuals who worked in printing patterns process on cardboard sheets had blood lead levels higher than those working in other processes in this printing house (P < 0.001). The workers who did not use masks (P = 0.034) and gloves (P < 0.001) had higher mean lead atomic absorption than the others. Conclusion: The lack of using personal protective equipment could potentially increase the blood lead levels in printing industry workers.},  
Keywords = {Blood, Lead, Printing industry},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {360-365}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی سطح سرب خون در کارگران صنعت چاپ (مطالعه موردی)},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1278 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gharavandi, Sasan and Nasori, Morteza and Ghobadi, Mahdieh and Besharatipur, Mostafa and Jabari, Mehdi and Omidianidost, Ali},  
title = {Exposure to Respirable Dust and Crystalline Silica in a Cement Plant}, 
abstract ={Background: People working in industrial environments may be exposed to respirable dust. Crystalline silica dust is known as a respiratory risk. The cement industry is among the most important manufacturing industries whose workers are exposed to dust. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate workers' exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in a cement plant. Methods: According to a sample size calculation formula, 50 dust samples were collected from workers’ respiratory zones in different parts of the plant. Respirable dust concentrations exposed were calculated using NIOSH-0600 method. Concentrations of crystalline silica in dust samples were determined according to NIOSH-7601 method and using visible absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The highest time weighted average of respirable dust concentration (6.12 mg/m3) was obtained in crusher unit. The minimum and maximum concentrations of respirable dust were 1.6 mg/m3 and 12.1 mg/m3, respectively. The highest concentration of crystalline silica (0.044 mg/m3) was obtained in raw material grinding unit. The minimum and maximum concentrations of crystalline silica were obtained in cement grinding unit and packaging and loading unit (0.001 mg/m3 and 0.16 mg/m3), respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of respirable crystalline silica and dust in most units are higher than the threshold limit value which has the potential to harm workers in these units.},  
Keywords = {Respirable dust, Crystalline silica, Occupational exposure, Cement Industry

},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {366-370}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی مواجهه با گرد و غبار سیمان و سیلیس کریستالی در یک کارخانه سیمان},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: گردو غبار حاوی سیلیس کریستالی بعنوان یک خطر استنشاقی شناخته شده است . صنعت تولید سیمان یکی از مهمترین صنایع تولیدی هستند که کارگران آن در مواجهه با گردوغبار قرار دارند . لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان مواجهه کارگران صنایع سیمان با گردوغبار قابل استنشاق و سیلیس کریستالی انجام گرفته است. روش کار: تعداد 50 نمونه گردوغبار از منطقه تنفسی کارگران در بخشهای مختلف کارخانه جمع آوری شد . غلظت گردوغبار قابل استنشاق طبق روش NIOSH-0600 و بصورت وزن سنجی تعیین مقدار شد . تعیین غلظت سیلیس کریستالی در نمونه های گردوغبار جمع آوری شده طبق روش  NIOSH -7601 و با استفاده ازروش اسپکترومتری نور مرئی انجام گرفت.  یافته ها : طبق نتایج بدست آمده بیشترین میانگین غلظت گردوغبار قابل استنشاق مربوط به واحد سنگ شکن ( mg/m312/6 ) بود . حداقل و حداکثر غلظت گردوغبار قابل استنشاق در همه واحدها 6/1 و 1/12 میلی گرم بر متر مکعب برآورد گردید . بیشترین مقدار غلظت سیلیس کریستالی مربوط واحد آسیاب مواد خام (mg/m3044/0) بود . حداقل و حداکثر غلظت سیلیس کریستالی به ترتیب 001/0 و 16/0 میلی گرم بر متر مکعب بود. نتیجه گیری : غلظت سیلیس کریستالی و گردوغبار قابل استنشاق در اغلب واحدهای کاری بیشتر از حد مجاز است و پتانسیل آسیب رسانی به کارگران شاغل در این واحدها را دارد .},
keywords_fa = {گردوغبار قابل استنشاق , سیلیس کریستالی , مواجهه شغلی,  صنعت سیمان },

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1279},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {RafieManesh, hosein and Panjali, Zahra and Khani, Farah and Habibi-Mohraz, Majid and Borhani, Maryam},  
title = {Knowledge and Attitude about Exposure to Cytotoxic Drugs in Oncology Nurses}, 
abstract ={Background: One of the most common hazards among the nurses is exposure to harmful chemicals. Cytotoxic drugs are among highly hazardous substances in the healthcare centers that can lead to DNA damage and cancer development. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses working in the oncology departments of Tehran hospitals regarding the risks and safety measures related to handling of cytotoxic drugs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study to develop an instrument, a questionnaire on knowledge and attitude regarding exposure to cytotoxic drugs was translated into Persian language and its validity and reliability evaluated and confirmed. The questionnaire was administered to 111 nurses working in 10 oncology departments (eight hospitals of Tehran) selected by random multistage sampling. For instrument validation, CVI and Cronbach's alpha were used. Descriptive analyses were done to analyze field work data. Results: In this study, 22 men (19.8%) and 89 women (80.2%) participated. The mean age of participants was 33.6 (SD 8.6) years. Only 45% of participants constantly used gloves when handling drugs. Results indicated that 54.1% of participants had accidental exposure to cytotoxic drugs, 22.5% of who reported their exposure as being acute. Only 12.6% of participants reported that their efforts to reduce the risks of exposure as effective. At least 84.4% of the nurses had been trained in the handling of cytotoxic drugs, 54% of whom reported that the training was not effective. Conclusion: While confirming the reliability and validity of the instrument, this study showed that the training on improving the safety of the personnel is ineffective and insufficient, and most staff are at risk of direct and indirect exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Further the immunization of the workplace and the preparation and proclamation of safety and health protocols for handling of these drugs or attending their storage places can be beneficial.  },  
Keywords = {Validity, Reliability, Cytotoxic drugs, Knowledge and Attitude},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {371-379}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {روانسنجی ابزار سنجش آگاهی و نگرش مواجهه با داروهای سایتوتوکسیک در پرستاران شاغل در بخش های آنکولوژی},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: یکی از مخاطرات رایج در شغل پرستاری مواجهه با عوامل شیمیایی زیان­آور است. از این بین داروهای سایتوتوکسیک از جمله مواد پرمخاطره در مراکز خدمات-درمانی می­باشد که توانایی ایجاد آسیب به DNA و بروز سرطان می­گردد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی آگاهی و نگرش پرستاران شاغل در بخش­های آنکولوژی در خصوص خطرات و اقدامات ایمنی کار با داروهای سایتوتوکسیک طراحی و اجرا گردید. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه پرسشنامه «سنجش آگاهی و نگرش مواجهه با داروهای سایتوتوکسیک» ترجمه و روایی و پایایی آن مورد ارزیابی و تایید قرار گرفت. پرسشنامه برای بررسی آگاهی و نگرش در 111 نفر از شاغلین در 10 بخش درمانی سرطان و آنکولوژی در 8 بیمارستان در شهر تهران به کار گرفته شد. یافته ها: در این مطالعه 22 نفر پرستار مرد (8/19%) و 89 نفر زن (2/80%) شرکت کردند. میانگین سنی افراد برابر 6/33 سال (6/8=SD) بود. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که تنها 45% از افراد در هنگام کار با داروها دائماً از دستکش استفاده می­کردند. همچنین نتایج حاکی از این بود که 1/54 % شرکت کنندگان دچار مواجهه تصادفی با داروهای سایتوتوکسیک شده که 5/22% از آنها مواجهه خود را حاد اعلام کردند. تنها 6/12% از افراد اعلام کردند که تلاش­های آنها در کاهش خطرات مواجهه موثر بوده است. از بین پرستاران حداقل 4/84 % آنها آموزش هایی را در خصوص کار با داروهای سایتوتوکیک دریافت کرده بودند که از این بین 54% اعلام کرده بودند که آموزش ها کارآمد نبوده است. نتیجه گیری: در این مطالعه ضمن تایید پایایی و روایی ابزار مورد نظر، مشخص شد که آموزش هایی که در خصوص افزایش ایمنی پرسنل ترتیب داده شده است، کارآمد و کافی نبوده است و بیشتر افراد در معرض ریسک مواجهه با داروهای سایتوتوکسیک مستقیم و غیر مستقیم قرار دارند. همچنین ایمن­سازی محیط کار، تهیه و ابلاغ پروتکل­های ایمنی و بهداشتی در مواقع کار با این داروها یا حضور در محل نگهداری آنها می تواند سودمند باشد.  },
keywords_fa = {کلید واژه: روایی؛ پایایی؛ داروهای سایتوتوکسیک ؛ آگاهی و نگرش },

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1280 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heidari, Hamidreza and SharifShad, Fatemeh and Mohammadsalehi, Narges and Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl},  
title = {Association of Emotional Intelligence with Sleep Quality}, 
abstract ={Background: Emotional intelligence is a mixed complex of emotional self-knowledge, skill, and other characteristics that affect an individual's success in facing with pressures and environmental forces. It is also considered as a stress controller that reduces the negative consequences of anxiety. The current study was conducted to assess the relationship of emotional intelligence with exam anxiety and sleep quality among the senior high school girls in Qom, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 263 female senior high school students were selected by multistage sampling method in Qom in 2015. Data collection was conducted using four questionnaires including demographic information, Shot emotional intelligence, Petersburg sleep quality, and Exam anxiety. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test, and analysis of Variance in SPSS. Results: Poor sleep quality was observed in 49.4% of the participants and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 144.8(18.46). Among four factors of the emotional intelligence, optimistic/ emotions adjustment had a negative significant correlation with exam anxiety and sleep quality (P<0.05). Furthermore, a direct significant correlation was observed between emotional intelligence and exam anxiety (P<0.05). Nevertheless, emotional intelligence had no significant relationship with exam anxiety and sleep quality (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of poor sleep quality in senior high school girls was high due to exam anxiety. In addition, the mean score of emotional intelligence was at a high level, which could help the adolescents in dealing with the environmental stress and emotions.},  
Keywords = {Emotional intelligence, Exam anxiety, Sleep quality},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {380-387}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {ارزیابی ارتباط بین هوش هیجانی با اضطراب آزمون و کیفیت خواب در دانش آموزان دختر دبیرستانی سال چهارم},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: هوش هیجانی مجموعه ی مرکبی از خودآگاهی هیجانی، مهارت‌ها و ویژگی‌های دیگر است که بر موفقیت فرد در مقابله با فشارها و خواسته‌های محیط تاثیر می‌گذارند و  به عنوان یکی از مهارت‌های کنترل‌کننده اضطراب و عواقب منفی آن می باشد. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف بررسی همبستگی هوش هیجانی با اضطراب کنکور و کیفیت خواب دانش آموزان دختر سال چهارم دبیرستانی شهر قم در سال 1394 انجام شد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه مقطعی تحلیلی ،  263 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر سال چهارم دبیرستانی شهر قم  در سال 1394 به روش نمونه گیری چندمرحله‌ای وارد مطالعه شدند. ابزار‌های مورد استفاده در جمع آوری داه ها شامل پرسشنامه های اطلاعات دموگرافیک و هوش هیجانی شات، کیفیت خواب پیتزبورگ و پرسشنامه اضطراب امتحان بود. داده‌های حاصل از این مطالعه با آزمون‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تی مستقل  و آنالیز واریانس در نرم افزار  SPSS 20مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: کیفیت خواب نامطلوب در  4/49%  از دانش آموزان دیده شد و میانگین نمره هوش هیجانی شرکت‌کنندگان در این مطالعه 46/18±8/144 بدست آمد که از میان 4 عامل هوش هیجانی، بین عامل خوشبینی/ تنظیم هیجانات با کیفیت خواب و اضطراب همبستگی معکوس و معناداری وجود داشت(05/0p < )، و  بین ارزیابی از هیجانات و اضطراب کنکور همبستگی مستقیم و معناداری وجود داشت (05/0>p)؛ اما سازه های مهارت‌های اجتماعی و کاربرد هیجانات با اضطراب و کیفیت خواب دانش آموزان مرتبط نبودند. نتیجه‌گیری: شیوع کیفیت خواب نامطلوب در دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه به دلیل اضطراب کنکور بالا است. به علاوه میانگین نمره هوش هیجانی دانش آموزان دختر سال چهارم در حد بالایی است  که می تواند در غلبه بر هیجانات و اضطرابهای محیطی کمک کننده باشد.},
keywords_fa = {هوش هیجانی, اضطراب,آزمون, کیفیت خواب},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1281 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-187-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-187-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zamanian, zahra and Yousefinejad, saeed and zare, Mohammad Reza and Rajabi, Fazel and Hashemi, Zahra and Modaresi, Aboutaleb and Gharavi, Marjan and Tajbakhsh, Mohammad Ali and Zarei, Mohammad Reza and Koochaki, Torab and Rahmani, Abdolrasoul},  
title = {Effects of Acute Exposure to Heat Stress on Immunological and Lipid Parameters in Rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Exposure to heat stress can result in lipid parameters alterations as well as immunological responses. This study was aimed to investigate these alterations and responses at different humidity and temperatures levels under controlled laboratory conditions in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: A total 15 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, 10-11 weeks of age, were used in the evaluation. After one week, animals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 5 animals each. Reference group (group1) was housed in the cage under WBGT of 20(1) according to experimental design. Also, animals were subjected to mild (WBGT of 29 ( 1)) and hotter (WBGT of 33(1)) conditions (8 hr/day for one day) in the exposure chamber as group2 and group3, respectively. At the end of exposure to heat stress, blood samples were collected from the heart of rats and different parameters were determined. Results: Based on results, acute heat exposure significantly caused a decrease in serum IgG, IgM, IgA of rats in the case group compared to control group (P<0.05). Conversely, acute heat exposure resulted in a significant increase in the levels of IgE (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference for the lipid parameters after exposure to acute heat stress compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Acute heat stress may affect immune responses depending on the intensity of the exposure. Higher environmental temperatures (WBGT≥32°C) cause more severe changes in plasma immunoglobulins.},  
Keywords = {WBGT, Sprague–Dawley rats, Heat Stress, Immunological Parameter, Lipid Parameter},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {388-394}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {اثر عوارض حاد به استرس گرما بر پارامترهای ایمنی و لیپید در موش صحرایی},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1282 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Atamaleki, Ali and FallahMadvari, Rohollah and Dolati, Mohammad and Faramarzi, Meysam and Hokmabadi, Rajabali and YounesiehHeravi, Mohammad Amin and ZareJamalabadi, Saeedeh},  
title = {Compliance with Radiation Protection Principles in Radiotherapy Units}, 
abstract ={Background: One of the most harmful agents in hospital settings is ionizing radiation such as X-rays that physicians and other staff expose in surgeries and diagnostic tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure X-ray dose in the diagnostic radiology units of hospitals affiliated to North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study, in which all of the hospitals' diagnostic radiology units including CT scan, mammography, fluoroscopy and radiography were studied. X-ray dose was measured by a dosimeter-radiometer device (MKS-05 Terra-P). The International Radiation Protection Association (IAEA) checklist was used to check the observance of the Radiation Protection Principles. Results: The results of this study showed that the X-ray doses in the CT scan, mammography, and fluoroscopy units of Bojnord Imam Ali Hospital were 0.16, 0.08 and 0.01 μSv/h, respectively. The doses of X-ray in the radiology units of Imam Ali (PBUH), Imam Reza (PBUH), Esfarayen and Shirvan Hospitals were 0.12, 0.12, 0.11, and 0.11 μSv/h, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the X-ray doses in the diagnostic radiology units of hospitals were lower than the standard limit proposed by the International Radiation Protection Association. However, it is proposed to use appropriate protective lead aprons to further protect the exposed staff in the units in question.},  
Keywords = {X-ray, Radiological, Hospital, Radiology},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {395-399}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی میزان پرتو ایکس و رعایت اصول حفاظتی آن در مراکز پرتو درمانی بیمارستان های تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1283},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MousaviKordmiri, Seyed Hojat and Monazzam, Mohamad Reza and Abbasi, Milad and kamali, Sepideh and MousaviKordmiri, Seyedeh Azam},  
title = {Association between Noise Exposure and Sensitivity and Psychological Distress}, 
abstract ={Background: Noise pollution is considered as a major threat to human society that may affect life quality, efficiency, physical and mental health. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of noise exposure and noise sensitivity on psychological distress in an automobile parts manufacturer's employees. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 325 employees of an automobile parts manufacturer who were exposed to different noise levels in seven groups were investigated. Daily personal noise exposure for each group was measured using calibrated sound level meter (SVANTEK-971) based on ISO-9612 standards. Then employees' mental disorder and noise sensitivity were determined using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), respectively, and data was analyzed using SPSS v. 23. Results: Mean psychological distress was significantly different between noise sensitivity and noise exposure groups (P-value <0.05). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis among four variables including age, work experience, noise exposure and noise sensitivity, noise exposure and noise sensitivity had significant effect on psychological distress and could explain 0.36 and 0.25 of variance of response variable, respectively. Age and work experience at the level of 5% error had no significant effect on psychological distress status. Conclusion: It can be argued that the worsening of psychological distress in these employees is often due to noise exposure and noise sensitivity. As an individual variable, noise exposure has the greatest effect on increase of psychological distress compared to noise sensitivity level and demographic characteristics studied.},  
Keywords = {Noise Sensitivity, Noise exposure, Psychological distress, Automotive industry employees},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {400-408}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی تاثیر مواجهه صوتی و حساسیت به صدا بر پریشانی روانی شاغلین یک صنعت تولید قطعات خودرو},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف : آلودگی صوتی، یکی از تهدیدات اصلی در جوامع بشری محسوب شده و می‌تواند بر روی کیفیت زندگی، میزان بهره ­وری، سلامت جسمی و روان‌شناختی افراد اثرگذار باشد. لذا این مطالعه باهدف بررسی تاثیر مواجهه صوتی و حساسیت به صدا بر اختلال روانی شاغلین صنعت تولید قطعات خودرو انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این  مطالعه تحلیلی- توصیفی، 325 نفر از شاغلین یک گروه صنعتی تولید قطعات خودرو در هفت گروه شغلی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تراز مواجهه افراد با صدا برای هرکدام از گروه ها با رعایت استاندارد ISO9612 اندازه گیری شد. پریشانی روانی و حساسیت به صدا به ترتیت با استفاده از مقیاس پریشانی روانی کسلر  و پرسشنامه حساسیت به صدای وینشتاین تعیین گردید. در ادامه با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS22   اطلاعات بدست آمده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفتند. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معناداری بین میانگین حساسیت به صدا و مواجهه صوتی با پریشانی روانی دربین شاغلین این گروه صنعتی وجود دارد. براساس نتایج آنالیز رگرسیون اثر همزمان چهار متغیر سن، سابقه­کار، مواجهه صوتی و حساسیت به صدا بر وضعیت اختلال روانی  نشان داد که متغیر تراز معادل صوت 21 درصد و متغیر حساسیت به صدا 32 درصد از تغییرات متغیر پاسخ را توجیه کردند. دو متغیر سن و سابقه­کار در سطح خطای 5 درصد تأثیر معناداری بر وضعیت اختلال روانی نداشتند. نتیجه گیری : کلی نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که حساسیت صوتی بعنوان یک متغیر فردی بزرگترین اثر را بر افزایش پریشانی روانی در مقایسه با تراز مواجهه صوتی و مشخصه های دموگرافیکی  مورد بررسی در این مطالعه دارد.},
keywords_fa = {حساسیت به صدا, مواجهه صوتی, پریشانی روانی },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahdavi, Faranak and Monazzam, Mohammad Reza and Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl and Meshkani, Mohse},  
title = {Increasing the Use of Hearing Protection Devices by Delegating the Right to the Workers}, 
abstract ={Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most common but absolutely preventable occupational diseases.  One of the measures to prevent and control noise's harmful effects in the workplaces is the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) that workers do not often accept to use or do not use throughout the entire work shift.  Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of delegating the right to choose HPD to workers on the increase of the duration of using them. Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 60 male workers divided into two groups, intervention (n: 30) and control (n: 30), who were exposed to non-permissible sound levels during sampling. A questionnaire including BASNEF constructs was completed by both groups in two stages, ie, before intervention and 3 months after completion of the intervention delegating the right to choose HPD to workers. Durations of using HPD were recorded in two stages in intervention and control groups and compared. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 22. Results: In intervention group, the number of workers who used HPDs full time was 0 (0%) before intervention and 16 (53.33%) after intervention. The duration of using HPDs significantly increased after intervention in intervention group than in control group. Conclusion: The intervention based on providing HPDs that are appropriate for the needs and wishes of workers and available as well as promoting their use in the work environment can persuade them to use such devices continuously.   },  
Keywords = {Hearing protection device, Delegating the right to choose, Hearing loss},
volume = {3},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {409-415}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی افزایش مدت زمان استفاده از وسایل حفاظت شنوایی با تفویض حق انتخاب آن به کارگران},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: کاهش شنوایی ناشی از سر و صدا از شایعترین بیماری های شغلی محسوب می شود ولی کاملا قابل پیشگیری است. یکی از اقدامات حفاظتی و کنترلی در مقابل اثرات زیان آورصدا در محیط های کار، استفاده ازتجهیزات حفاظت شنوایی است. که اغلب توسط کارگران پذیرفته نمی شوند یا در تمام طول شیفت کاری استفاده نمی شود. لذا هدف مطالعه بررسی میزان اثربخشی تفویض حق انتخاب گوشی به کارگران در افزایش مدت زمان استفاده این وسایل می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مداخله ای، بر روی 60 نفر از کارگران مرد در دو گروه مورد( 30 نفر) و شاهد( 30نفر) انجام شد.پرسشنامه مشتمل بر سازه های بزنف در دو مرحله توسط هر دو گروه مورد وشاهد،قبل و 3 ماه بعد از اجرای مداخله تفویض حق انتخاب گوشی به کارگران گروه مورد تکمیل شد. مدت زمان استفاده از گوشی حفاظتی به صورت قبل از مداخله و 3 ماه بعد از مداخله در دو گروه مورد و شاهد ثبت و مقایسه شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان می دهد که در گروه مورد تعداد کارگرانی که قبل از مداخله به صورت تمام وقت از گوشی استفاده می کردند 0 نفر(0%) و بعد از مداخله 16 نفر(33.53%) بود و همچنین مدت زمان استفاده از گوشی در گروه مورد نسبت به قبل از مداخله افزایش چشمگیری یافت. نتیجه گیری: مداخله ای که مبنای آن تهیه وسایل حفاظت شنوایی متناسب با نیازها و خواسته کارگران ، در دسترس بودن و ترویج استفاده از آنها باشد، در یک محیط کار می تواند کارکنان را برای استفاده مداوم از گوشی های حفاظتی ترغیب نماید.},
keywords_fa = {وسایل حفاظت شنوایی,تفویض حق انتخاب, افت شنوایی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i3.1285 },
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rasheed, Tajudee},  
title = {Knowledge and Practice of Battery Technicians about Lead Poisoning in the Workplace}, 
abstract ={Background: Utilization of self-protective equipment at the workplace of battery technicians could consequently protect the health of the artisans ‘and prevent lead-related occupational hazards. This study assessed the knowledge of lead poisoning hazards and the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) among battery technicians in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. Multistage and systematic sampling technique was used to select N=384 adult battery technicians aged 18 years old and higher. The questionnaire was validated and the reliability established through pilot study. Data were collected and analyzed with chi-square and multiple logistic regressions statistical model using SPSS version 24.No missing N value and hypotheses were tested at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: Few participants, 9.9% had good knowledge of lead poisoning hazards, and it indicates a poor level. The rate of utilization of PPE at the workplaces was 18 % which is low. Chi-square analysis of the knowledge of lead poisoning hazard and PPE utilization for battery technicians in the organized and roadside settings were X2=0.1481, p=0.7003, and X²=3.2607, p=0.0709, respectively which isnot statistically significant. Conclusion: Knowledge of lead poisoning hazard influenced the rate of utilization of PPE at the workplace of battery technicians. So, an effort to improve the use of PPE could be done through implementation of occupational safety policy, training and dissemination of information on the threat of lead poisoning for battery technicians to achieve positive behavioral change.},  
Keywords = {Knowledge, Lead poisoning hazard, Battery technicians, PPE utilization, Nigeria},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {416-421}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {Knowledge and Practice of Battery Technicians about Lead Poisoning in the Workplace},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1550},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-200-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-200-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zamani-Badi, Hakime and Sarsangi, Vali and Hannani, Mitra and Akbari, Hossein and MazaheriTehrani, Ashraf},  
title = {Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome among Employees of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan}, 
abstract ={Background: The sick building syndrome (SBS) is known as an unhealthy condition of occupants of a building, caused by environmental factors such as small space, poor ventilation, and different pollutants in the building. Symptoms of SBS include anxiety, respiratory, dermal, and sensory problems which start by entering a building or slightly after that, and disappear after leaving the building. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SBS in the employees of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Kashan. Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted, a sample of 279 randomly-selected employees of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan working during 2016-2017, were involved. The study was performed on four groups of doctors, nurses, servants and employees. To collect the data; a questionnaire was used. It consisted of two parts: demographic data and questions of SBS questionnaire of World Health Organization. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS; and statistical tests such as Chi square and Fisher's exact test were performed and logistic regression were used for multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of SBS in general, in women and in men was estimated 50.81%, 55.3% and 44.7%, respectively. Symptoms of indisposition (47.3%), skin dryness (41.5%) and headaches (38.9%) had the highest frequency. Studying SBS symptoms in different job groups showed that skin dryness and dry and sore throat in physicians were significantly less than those in the other groups (p<0.05). In logistic regression analysis, the only factor influencing SBS was the staff height (p=0.02). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of the symptoms of building syndrome in all of the four groups, paying more attention to improving the working environment, such as the efficiency of the air conditioner system and increasing the entry of fresh air into the departments, increasing the quality of work life would be of utmost importance which would result in motivating and increasing the productivity in the work environment.},  
Keywords = {Sick Building Syndrome, Hospital, Employees},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {422-429}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome among Employees of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan},
abstract_fa ={Background: The sick-building syndrome (SBS) is an unhealthy condition of occupants of a building, caused by environmental factors such as small space, poor ventilation, and different pollutants in the building. Symptoms of SBS, including nervous, respiratory, dermal, and sensory problems, start by entering a building or slightly after that, and disappear with leaving the building. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SBS in the employees of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Kashan. Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted, a sample of 279 randomly - selected employees of Kashan’s Shahid Beheshti hospital, were involved. The study was performed on four groups of doctor, nurse, servant and employee. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used. It consisted two parts: demographic data and questions of SBS questionnaire of World Health Organization. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS; and statistical tests such as t-test and Chi-square were performed. Results: The prevalence rate of SBS in general, women and men was estimated 50.81%, 55.3% and 44.7%, respectively. Symptoms of indisposition (47.32%), skin dryness (41.56%) and headaches (38.92%) had the highest frequency. In all job groups, headache and illness had the highest frequency. Studying SBS symptoms in different job groups showed that skin dryness and dry and sore throat in physicians were significantly less than those in the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of SBS symptoms is relatively high in the studied population. Considering the significant relation between the environmental factors and the prevalence of SBS, improving the workplace conditions is recommended.  },
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1551},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Heidari, Hamidreza and Arsang, Shahram and Mahmoodi, Maryam and Ramezani, Fatemeh},  
title = {Ergonomic Analysis of the Neck Posture in Computer Users and Identifying the Related Risk Factors}, 
abstract ={Background:Neck disorder is a common complaint in computer users which affects the task performance and fatigue. Several studies confirmed the relation between neck discomfort and working with a computer. But focusing on the root risk factors inducing neck discomfort can be applied for taking preventive measures and improving workstation design. So, the main purpose of this study was the neck posture analysis in computer users and identifying the related risk factors. Methods:This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2018 on 169 administrative staff in one of the governmental hospitals in Qom. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to investigate neck discomfort and related risk factors. To determine the angle of the neck, photographic analysis method was used. Finally, SPSS software version 22 and appropriate statistical tests including the logistic regression model, two independent t-test, and chi-square test in contingency tables were used to determine the relationship between individual parameters and workstation with neck angles and neck pain. Results:The results showed that two factors of the height (p= 0.023) and the gender (p= 0.012) had a direct statistically significant association with neck disorder statistically. In addition, the anthropometric dimensions, monitor height from desk level was positively correlated with neck discomfort but sitting elbow to eye height was negatively correlated with neck discomfort (p<0.05). Odds Ratio analysis showed that moderate and severe monitor angle compared to neutral posture (monitor angle less than 10 °) can increase neck discomfort as 1.925 and 3.137, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that workstation design can affect taking a posture in computer users. So, establishing correct workstation criteria such as eye height, monitor height from desk level and sitting elbow to eye height dimensions are very important. However, determination of the proportion of each parameter effect is strongly recommended for other investigations. This can develop preventive measures for reducing neck awkward postures.},  
Keywords = {Neck, Posture, Disorder, Workstation, Design},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {430-437}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {آنالیز ارگونومیک وضعیت گردن در کاربران کامپیوتر به منظور شناسایی ریسک فاکتور های ایجاد کننده اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف اختلال گردن یک شکایت رایج در کاربران کامپیوتر است که بر عملکرد و خستگی افراد تاثیر می گذارد. مطالعات متعددی رابطه بین ناراحتی گردن و کار با کامپیوتر را تایید کرده است. اما تمرکز بر ریشه های این اختلالات می تواند برای اقدامات پیشگیرانه و بهبود طراحی ایستگاه های کاری استفاده شود. بنابراین هدف اصلی این مطالعه، تحلیل وضعیت گردن در کاربران کامپیوتر و شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با آن است که باعث اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی می شوند. روش کار این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی بر روی 169 نفر از کارمندان اداری یکی از بیمارستانهای دولتی شهرستان قم انجام شد. یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته برای جمع آوری اطلاعات جمعیتی و اطلاعاتی در مورد ناراحتی های ناحیه گردن استفاده شد. بخشی از پرسشنامه مربوط به طراحی ایستگاه کار و بخش دیگر، نمره درد در ناحیه گردن برای تعیین شدت درد و زمان است که برای این منظور از مقیاس پنجگانه لیکرت استفاده گردید. برای تعیین زاویه گردن، از روش عکاسی استفاده شد. در نهایت، از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 برای تعیین ارتباط بین پارامترهای اندازه گیری شده فردی و محل کار با  اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در ناحیه گردن استفاده شد و از آزمون های آماری مناسب برای مقایسه میانگین و اطلاعات همبستگی استفاده شد. نتایج رابطه بین متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی و شیوع اختلالات گردن در میان کاربران کامپیوتر نشان داد که دو عامل ارتفاع (023/0 P=) و جنسیت (012/0 = P) ارتباط معنی داری با اختلال گردن داشتند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در میان ابعاد آنتروپومتری مورد بررسی، ارتفاع، ارتفاع مانیتور از سطح میز و ارتفاع آرنج در حالت نشسته تا ارتفاع چشم ارتباط معنی داری با ناراحتی گردن داشت (05/0 P<). تجزیه و تحلیل نسبت شانس نشان داد که زاویه های متوسط ​​و شدید مانیتور نسبت به موقعیت خنثی (زاویه مانیتور کمتر از 10 درجه) می تواند ناراحتی گردن را به ترتیب925/1 و 137/3  افزایش دهد. اگر چه تنها زاویه ی مانیتور شدید (بیش از 20 درجه زاویه ی پیش یا عقب) ارتباط معنی داری با زاویه ی خنثی دارد (022/0 P=). نتیجه گیری بطور کلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که طراحی ایستگاه کار و آموزش مرتبط با ارگونومیک برای کاربران رایانه، معیارهای ایستگاه کاری مانند ابعاد ارتفاع چشم، ارتفاع مانیتور از سطح میز و ارتفاع آرنج در حالت نشسته به ارتفاع صحیح را اصلاح می کند. با این حال، تعیین سهم هر مولفه به شدت برای تحقیقات بعدی توصیه می شود. این امر می تواند اقدامات پیشگیرانه ای را برای کاهش وضعیت نامطلوب گردن ایجاد کند.  },
keywords_fa = {گردن, پوسچر, اختلال, ایستگاه کار, طراحی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1552},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Janizadeh, Razieh and Kakaei, Parviz and Nickdel, Tayebe and KhalilTahmasbi, Mahin and Tamoradi, Norooz and MohamadiNezhad, Atefeh},  
title = {Textile Industry Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment by Using HAZAN Method}, 
abstract ={Background: Today with industry growth, hazards are increasing. The most important parts of these industries are human resources and employees, that face with many various hazards. Therefore, in order to protect and increase the productivity these hazards must be identified and analyzed to be controlled. Methods: The present study focused on hazard identification and risk assessment in spinning sector of a textile industry as one of the important and strategic industries by using HAZAN method.  For data gathering, different methods including HAZAN worksheet, risk detecting checklist, walking, talking, process plots and documents were used, and then risk assessment was carried out. Results: The finding represented 102 risks in the production line. Most of the risks were found in ring section (n=33), Flyer (n=26), Autoconer (n=18), Tightening (n=15) and Packing (n=10) respectively. 20.59% of these risks were 2nd rank (undesirable), 16.67% were 3rd rank (acceptable if controlled) and 62.74% were 4th rank (acceptable). In addition, high-risk jobs were feeding the empty bobbin during the shift and bobbin handling from the Autoconer unit. Also, analyses were performed based on the risk assessment method and statistical tests were not required. Conclusion: The 4th rank risk was the largest group that’s acceptable. It is notable that 2nd risk rank should be turned into 3rd risk rank in reliable time. For 3rd risk rank making sure that existing control is in place is sufficient. For making a safe work environment and increasing productivity, minimizing risk by safety training and other measures are useful.  },  
Keywords = {Textile industry, HAZAN method, Risk assessment},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {438-442}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسک در صنعت نساجی به روش HAZAN},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1554},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jadidi, Elmira and Borgheipour, Hasti and Mohammadfam, Iraj},  
title = {The Effect of Behavior–based Safety Interventions on the Reduction of Unsafe Behavior}, 
abstract ={Background: Behavioral-based safety interventions such as the safety training system and reward and punishment procedures were used in most industries in order to reduce unsafe behaviors. Methods: In this applied study, unsafe behavior was evaluated by collecting data through observation, interviews, checklists and the Safety Behavior Sampling technique. After conducting safety training, as well as reward and punishment procedures for two consecutive months, unsafe behaviors were evaluated again. To determine the rate and diversity of the behaviors through a pilot study, a sample size of 1162 was determined to be observed. Moreover, to analyze the data and to specify the relationship between the variables, the ratio test, contingency tables, chi-square test and SPSS 22 statistical software package were used. Results: The results of the study showed that 22.8% of employees’ behaviors were unsafe before applying interventions, which got decreased to 17% after the intervention. There was also a significant relationship between the unsafe behaviors of the employees and their work experience (P-value was 0. 004), age (P-value was 0.023), work shift (P-value was 0.027), day of the week (P-value was 0. 007) and month of year (P-value was 0. 043). Conclusions: The paper indicated that continuous implementation of safety training courses and continuous implementation of the reward and punishment system are necessary in order to reduce unsafe behaviors.},  
Keywords = {Safety, Unsafe behavior, Food industry},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {443-451}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {تاثیر مداخلات ایمنی مبتنی بر رفتار بر کاهش رفتارهای ناایمن},
abstract_fa ={زمینه: در اغلب صنایع به منظور کاهش رفتارهای ناایمن، مداخلات ایمنی مبتنی بر رفتار نظیر سیستم آموزش ایمنی و رویه تشویق و تنبیه بکارگرفته شده اند.  روش بررسی: در ایﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ بهره‌گیری از روش‌های ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﮏﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ نمونه‌برداری از رﻓﺘﺎر ایﻤﻦ، اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﺎایﻤﻦ ﻣﻮرد ارزیﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. پس از اجرای مداخلات آموزشی و تشویق و تنبیه طی دو ماه متوالی، مجدداً رفتارهای ناایمن ارزیابی شد. ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان و اﻧﻮاع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی یادشده ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺎیﻠﻮت ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ موردنیاز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 1162 مشاهده تعیین گردید. همچنین برای آنالیز داده‌ها و تعیین روابط بین متغیرها از تکنیک آزمون نسبت، جداول توافقی و آزمون کای دو و نرم‌افزار آماری22  SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که 22.8% رفتارهای کارکنان قبل از اعمال مداخلات ناایمن بوده و پس از اعمال مداخلات این مقدار به 17% کاهش ‌یافته است. همچنین بین اعمال ناایمن کارکنان با سابقه کاری، محل اشتغال، سن، شیفت کاری، روز از هفته، ماه از سال و ساعت رابطه معناداری وجود داشت.  نتیجه گیری: لذا به ‌منظور کاهش رفتاهای ناایمن، اجرای مداوم دوره‌های آموزش ایمنی و پیاده‌سازی مستمر نظام تشویق و تنبیه پیشنهاد می‌گردد.  },
keywords_fa = {واژگان کلیدی: ایمنی, آسیب, رفتار ناایمن, صنایع غذایی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1555},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirzaei, Ramazan and Ansarimoghadam, Alireza and Hamidinejad, Naser and khazaei, Ahmadreza and Gholampoor, Jamshid and Nourmohammadi, Mohamm},  
title = {Determination of Airborne Concentration and Type of Asbestos Fibers in High-Traffic Areas of Zahedan City}, 
abstract ={Background: Asbestos fibers are one of the hazardous air pollutants in high-traffic areas of cities. This study was conducted during summer 2016 with the aim of determining the concentration and type of asbestos fibers in the air of high-traffic areas of Zahedan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 4 high-traffic and 2 traffic-free areas of Zahedan were chosen. Ambient air samples were collected according to the NIOSH 7400 method, with a flow rate of 2 l/m and 4 hours per day. The asbestos fiber in the samples were analyzed with the use of Phase-Contrast optical Microscopy (PCM) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Results:The mean and standard deviation of asbestos contamination density in high-traffic areas were 0.0012 (0.0004) f/cc and 0.0012, respectively, which were higher than the threshold limit value (TLV). In traffic-free areas with mean and standard deviation of 0.0003 ± 0.0003 f/cc the asbestos concentration was lower than the allowed limits. To check the normality of data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used (p< 0.05). The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a meaningful difference between the means of the two measured groups (p< 0.001). The types of asbestos fibers based on EDS spectrums and electron microscope images were actinolite, tremolite, and chrysotile. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the concentration of asbestos fibers in the sampleswas higher than the WHO standards for ambient air (0.00005 PCM f/ml). The use of asbestos fibers in car brake and clutch, as well as in asbestos cement sheet and insulation in buildings are among the most important sources of air pollution in the city.},  
Keywords = {Airborne asbestos, Zahedan, Air pollution},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {452-459}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {تعیین غلظت و نوع الیاف  آزبست هوابرد  در مناطق پر ترافیک شهر زاهدان},
abstract_fa ={آلودگی به الیاف آزبست یکی از آلاینده های مضر هوای شهر های با ترافیک بالا می باشد.  این مطالعه با هدف تعیین نوع و غلظت الیاف ازبست در هوای مناطق پر ترافیک شهر زاهدان(ایران) در فصل  تابستان 2016 انجام شد. در این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی، چهار نقطه از مناطق پر ترافیک شهرزاهدان و 2 نقطه بدون ترافیک انتخاب شد. نمونه ها با استفاده از روش توصیه شده NIOSH 7400  در چهار روز متوالی، با دبی 2 لیتر در دقیقه و 4 ساعت در هر روز(در زمان با ترافیک بالای شهری) جمع آوری شد. تراکم آلودگی با استفاده از میکروسکوپ فاز کنتراست phase contract microscopy (PCM) و گراتیکول والتون – بکت، محاسبه شد و با استفاده از طیف های EDS  وتصاویر میکروسکوپی الکترونیکی روبشی(SEM) نوع الیاف تعیین شد. میانگین تراکم آلودگی به الیاف آزبست در مناطق با ترافیک زیاد،f/cc   0.0012±0.0004f/cc و با میانه 0.0012بالا تر از حدود مجاز و در مناطق بدون ترافیک با میانگین وانحراف معیار f/cc 0.0003±0.0003 کمتر از حدود مجاز بود. آزمون کروسکال والیس اختلاف بین میانگین های دوگروه اندازه گیری را با p<0.001 معنی دار نشان داد. نوع الیاف آزبست با توجه به طیف های EDS  وتصاویر میکروسکوپی الکترونیکی از نوع اکتینولیت، ترمولیت و کریزوتایل می باشد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که الیاف آزبست در هوای مناطق با ترافیک بالا بیش از حدود مجاز ودر مناطق بدون ترافیک کمتر از حدود مجاز می باشد لذا کنترل ترافیک می تواند در کاهش آلودگی موثر باشد.  },
keywords_fa = {آزبست هوابرد, آلودگی هوا, شهر زاهدان},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1556},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {TaheriFard, Alireza and Kafi, Mehdi and Ahmadinia, Hassan and Rahmanian, Karamat and Rezaeian, Mohse},  
title = {The Study of the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Indices in Welders in Rafsanjan in 2018 (A Descriptive Study)}, 
abstract ={Background: Welders are exposed to different chemical damaging factors such as fumes, gases and dusts caused by welding. Some studies have referred to a possible association between occupational exposure and engaging with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a set of factors such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood sugar, high triglycerides and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels that are a fundamental risk factor for diabetes, cardiac disease and stroke. Hence, we accordingly decided to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome among welders in Rafsanjan. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed on 78 door and window welders in Rafsanjan in 2018. Data collection was carried out at two stages, first stage was based on a checklist containing demographic information and the second one included laboratory tests, and finally by recording data in SPSS software, quantitative data was reported as “mean ± standard deviation” and qualitative data was reported as “number (percent)”. Results: 43 out of 78 welders were tested by anthropometric and blood tests, 29 (67.4%) had central obesity. Of these 29, 15 (51.7%) had at least two of four conditions, indicating their metabolic syndrome. After central obesity, the most common factors among these 43 patients respectively were hypertension (55.8%), high triglyceride (37.2%), and high fasting blood sugar (20.9%). Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that about half of the studied welders had at least two metabolic syndrome indices. In future studies, implementation of partnership building strategies and increased collaboration incentives to achieve a larger sample size are recommended.},  
Keywords = {Metabolic Syndrome, Central Obesity, Welders, Rafsanjan},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {460-467}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی فراوانی سندرم متابولیک و شاخص‌های آن در کارگران جوشکار درب و پنجره ساز شهر رفسنجان در سال 1397},
abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: سندرم متابولیک یکی از فاکتورهای خطر بیماری های مزمن از جمله بیماری قلبی عروقی می باشد. که با شاخص های مختلف به خصوص چاقی مرکزی سنجیده می شود. یکی از مهمترین صنایع، صنعت جوشکاری است، که آسیب ناشی از آن می تواند مشکلات بسیاری از جمله هزینه های درمان و مراقبت های بهداشتی را به فرد و جامعه تحمیل کند. بنابراین، باتوجه به شیوع بالای سندرم متابولیک که شاخصی برای بیماری های مزمن ازجمله قلبی عروقی می باشد و از طرف دیگر شیوع بالای عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی میان جوشکاران، برآن شدیم تا شیوع سندرم متابولیک را در میان جوشکاران شهرستان رفسنجان مورد بررسی قرار دهیم. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه ی حاضر از نوع توصیفی است که در سال 1397  بر روی 78 جوشکار درب و پنجره ساز شهرستان رفسنجان انجام گرفت. جمع آوری داده ها در دو مرحله صورت گرفت، در مرحله اول بر اساس چک لیستی که شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک و مرحله دوم انجام تست های آزمایشگاهی و در نهایت با ثبت داده ها در نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 21، اطلاعات کمی به صورت "انحراف معیار±میانگین" و اطلاعات کیفی به صورت "تعداد(درصد)" گزارش گردید. یافته ها: میزان فراوانی سندرم متابولیک و شاخص­های آن در 78 نفر از کارگران جوشکار درب و پنجره­ساز شهر رفسنجان نشان می دهد دورکمر 54 (69.2%) نفر از این افراد بیشتر از 90 سانتی­متر بود که به عنوان افراد دارای چاقی مرکزی محسوب می شوند. از میان 43 نفر جوشکاری که وارد فاز دوم مطالعه شده بودند. 29 (67.4% ) نفر مبتلا به چاقی مرکزی بودند. شایع ترین فاکتورها پس از چاقی مرکزی میان این 43 نفر به ترتیب مربوط به فشارخون بالا (55.8% )، تری­گلیسیرید بالا (37.2% )، افزایش قندخون ناشتا (20.9%) می باشد. نتیجه گیری: یافته ­های این مطالعه نشان داد که حدود نیمی از جوشکاران تحت بررسی که انجام تست های آزمایشگاهی نیز همکاری نمودند، حداقل دارای دو شاخص سندرم متابولیک بودند.},
keywords_fa = {سندرم متابولیک,چاقی مرکزی,جوشکاران,رفسنجان},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1557},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kharghanimoghaddam, Seyedeh Melika and Alimohammadi, Iraj and Vosughi, Shahram and Tabatabaei, Seyed hossein and ghasemi, Rana and Ahmadian, Mahdi and Ebrahimi, Hossei},  
title = {Study of Sleep Quality and its Relation with Educational Status of Iran University of Medical Sciences Students}, 
abstract ={Background: Undoubtedly, lack of good quality sleep is a major problem for students, affecting their educational success causing them academic failure. Therefore, this study is carried out aiming to determine sleep quality and its relation with educational status of Iran University of Medical Sciences students. Methods: This study is a sectional-analytic one performed on dormitory and non-dormitory students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The criteria of entering the study include being student for at least one yea­r, non-affliction to special diseases and not using drugs and tobacco. People were selected in proportional stratified sampling method after determining the sample volume (400), and Petersburg sleep quality questionnaires were distributed among them. After completion of the questionnaires, their data were extracted and introduced into SPSS version 21. The data obtained via T statistical tests for which Pearson correlation was analyzed were independent. Results: The sleep quality mark was higher than 5 for majority of the students including the dormitory and non-dormitory ones; expressing weak sleep quality. Sleep quality was 7.36 for dormitory students and 7.97 for non-dormitory ones; expressing significant statistical difference (p=0.018). The results suggest that educational status of non-dormitory students (0.22) is better than the dormitory ones (-1.23), and the difference is statistically significant (p=0.000). moreover, the results suggest that there is no relation between good sleep quality and educational status of the students (p=0.232). Conclusion: The study results suggest that sleep quality is not related to educational status. Considering that educational status is a complex matter and is affected by multiple factors including: intelligence, motivation and hard work, sleep quality plays less significant role regarding educational status.},  
Keywords = {Educational Status, Sleep Quality, Residence, Dormitory, Non-Dormitory},
volume = {3},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {468-473}, 
publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science},
title_fa = {بررسی کیفیت خواب و رابطه آن با وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران},
abstract_fa ={مقدمه: بی شک یکی از مشکلات اصلی اکثر دانشجویان که می تواند بر موفقیت تحصیلی آنان اثرگذار بوده و باعث افت تحصیلی دانشجویان بشود عدم کیفیت خواب مطلوب می باشد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کیفیت خواب و رابطه آن با وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران انجام گردید. روش کار: این یک مطالعه مقطعی بود که در بین دانشجویان خوابگاهی و غیرخوابگاهی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران انجام گردید. بعد از تعیین حجم نمونه (400 نفر)، افراد به صورت تصادفی انتخاب گردیدند و پرسشنامه کیفیت خواب پترزبورگ در بین آنها توزیع گردید. بعد از تکمیل پرسشنامه ها، اطلاعات آن ها استخراج و وارد SPSS گردیده و مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: یافته های مطالعه نشان دادند که بین وضعیت سکونت و وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان ارتباط معنی دار وجود دارد (001/0P˂) .تاهل و اشتغال ارتباط معنی دار با وضعیت تحصیلی داشته (05/0˂P) و افراد متاهل و شاغل دارای وضعیت تحصیلی بهتری نسبت به دوره دبیرستان بودند. اکثر دانشجویان اعم از خوابگاهی و غیر خوابگاهی دارای کیفیت کلی خواب ضعیف بودند ( 5>). تنها بعد کیفیت ذهنی خواب با وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان ارتباط معنادار داشت(028/0). نتیجه گیری: مجموعه ای از عوامل مختلف نظیر انگیزه، هدف، برنامه ریزی، امکانات و تجهیزات، شرایط فردی و خانوادگی ، وضعیت اقتصادی و فرهنگی خانواده و..... بر روی وضعیت تحصیلی تاثیر گذار می باشد. با توجه به اینکه وضعیت تحصیلی مقوله پیچیده ای بوده و تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف قرار دارد، می توان گفت که کیفیت خواب می تواند تحت تاثیر عوامل دیگر از قبیل هدف، نقش کمتری در وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان داشته باشد.},
keywords_fa = {وضعیت تحصیلی, کیفیت خواب, پترزبورگ, خوابگاه, منزل شخصی},

doi = {10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1558},
url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html},  
eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.pdf},  
journal = {Archives of Occupational Health},  
issn = {2588-3070}, 
eissn = {2588-3690}, 
year = {2019}  
}