@article{ author = {Trivedi, Ashish and Lai, Alice S.C and Tasim, Mahmud and Tuah, Nik A.A}, title = {Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among Quarry Workers in Brunei Darussalam}, abstract ={Background: The mining and quarrying industry is considered a hazardous work sector due to occupational exposure to quarry dust and particulate matter, resulting in workers' respiratory illnesses. These occupational respiratory illnesses tend to have a long latency before the diagnosis is made, and therefore early detection of respiratory symptoms is crucial to prevent the development of chronic irreversible respiratory conditions. This study aimed to assess quarry workers' self-reported respiratory symptoms and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Brunei. Methods: A descriptive study using a convenient sampling method was involving 23 quarry workers from three quarry companies in Brunei. The data were collected using the adapted St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), which was self-administered to all participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Cough was the most typical reported symptom (26.1%) among quarry workers, followed by cough with phlegm (8.6%), shortness of breath (4.3%), and chest discomfort (4.3%). The mean total SGRQ score was 7.51 (±11.70), while the sub-domain scores for symptoms, activity, and impact were 10.60 (±12.37), 6.30 (±11.43), and 7.35 (±15.87), respectively. Conclusion: The key findings revealed that there was a low prevalence of respiratory symptoms in quarry workers. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among workers who were smokers, those who were exposed to quarry materials, and those who had been employed longer. The study's findings can be utilized by health professionals to plan, implement and evaluate preventative measures for mining and quarrying work settings.}, Keywords = {Respiratory symptoms, Quarry workers, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, Quality of life, Occupational Health}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {896-901}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {RESPIRATORY ILL HEALTH AMONG QUARRY WORKERS}, abstract_fa ={Introduction: The mining and quarrying industry is considered a hazardous work sector due to occupational exposure to quarry dust and particulate matter which can result in respiratory illnesses to workers. These occupational respiratory illnesses tend to have a long latency period before a diagnosis is made, and therefore early detection of respiratory symptoms is crucial to prevent the development of chronic irreversible respiratory conditions. This study aimed to assess quarry workers’ self-reported respiratory symptoms and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Brunei. Method: A descriptive study using convenient sampling method was involving 23 quarry workers from three quarry companies in Brunei. Data was collected using adapted St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) which was self-administered to all participants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Cough was the commonest reported symptom (26.1%), followed by cough with phlegm (8.6%), shortness of breath (4.3%) and chest discomfort (4.3%) among quarry workers. The mean total SGRQ score was 7.51 (±11.70), while the sub-domain scores for Symptoms, Activity and Impact were 10.60 (±12.37), 6.30 (±11.43) and 7.35 (±15.87), respectively. Conclusion: The key findings revealed that there was low prevalence of respiratory symptoms in quarry workers. Smoking was associated with quarry workers (p=0.011). Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among workers who were smokers, those working in areas with exposure to quarry materials, and those who had been employed longer. The study’s findings can be utilized by health professionals to plan, implement and evaluate preventative measures for mining and quarrying work settings.  }, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5261 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rahimifard, Hoda and Heidari, Hamidreza and Mohamadbeigi, Abolfazl and Soltanzadeh, Ahmad and Mahdinia, Mohsen and Jalilian, Hame}, title = {Thermal Comfort Assessment and Heat-Related Illnesses among Sellers in Periodic Local Markets: A Case Study in Hot and Dry Climate of Iran}, abstract ={Background:This study aims to evaluate the thermal conditions of periodic local markets and determine the thermal comfort and sensation of sellers, as well as the prevalence of heat-related diseases in the hot and dry climate of Iran. Methods:In this study, thermal comfort and sensation of 330 sellers from periodic markets in Qom city, a dry and hot climate in Iran, were evaluated. Measurements were performed for 15 days, from July 16 to August 1. To assess environmental thermal condition, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index and discomfort index (DI) were determined, and participants' tympanic temperature was determined to consistency assessment with thermal indices. Finally, the effects of environmental, personal, and working conditions on the prevalence of heat-related diseases among sellers were determined. Results:The environmental indices, including DI and WBGT index, had the most association with heat-related illnesses and tympanic temperature (P<0.05). The sellers perceived the environmental conditions as warm to hot after 1:00 pm. Besides, they expressed an uncomfortable or very uncomfortable situation after 12:00 pm. The findings showed that environmental parameters play a more important role in the prevalence of heat-related diseases and heat strain than individual and occupational factors. Conclusion:The sellers may be at risk of heat stress in outdoor markets in nearly half of the workday in the summer months. Therefore, it is very important that these people receive the necessary training in the prevention of heat illness in order to take appropriate protective measures in accordance with local conditions.}, Keywords = {Thermal comfort, Thermal sensation, Periodic market, Heat stress}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {902-912}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی راحتی حرارتی و بیماری های مرتبط با گرما در بین فروشندگان در بازارهای محلی دوره ای: مطالعه موردی در آب و هوای گرم و خشک ایران}, abstract_fa ={زمینه این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی شرایط حرارتی بازارهای محلی دوره ای و تعیین راحتی حرارتی و احساس حرارتی فروشندگان و همچنین شیوع بیماری های مربوط به گرما در آب و هوای گرم و خشک ایران انجام می شود. مواد و روش در این مطالعه ، راحتی و احساس حرارتی 330 فروشنده از بازارهای دوره ای در شهر قم ، بعنوان یک ناحیه آب و هوایی خشک و گرم در ایران ، ارزیابی شد. اندازه گیری ها از 16 ژوئیه تا 1 آگوست به مدت 15 روز انجام شد. برای ارزیابی وضعیت حرارتی محیطی شاخص دمای تر گویسان (WBGT) و شاخص ناراحتی (DI) تعیین شد و دمای تمپان شرکت کنندگان برای ارزیابی سازگاری با شاخص های حرارتی تعیین شد. سرانجام ، اثرات محیطی ، شخصی و شرایط کاری بر شیوع بیماری های مربوط به گرما در بین فروشندگان مشخص شد. نتایج شاخص های محیطی از جمله شاخص DI و WBGT بیشترین ارتباط را با بیماری های مربوط به گرما و درجه حرارت تمپان داشتند (05/0> p). فروشندگان شرایط محیطی را پس از ساعت 13:00 گرم تا خیلی گرم درک نمودند. علاوه بر این ، آنها بعد از ساعت 12:00 ظهر وضعیت ناراحت کننده یا بسیار ناراحت کننده ای را ابراز کردند. یافته ها نشان داد که پارامترهای محیطی بیش از عوامل فردی و شغلی در شیوع بیماری های وابسته به گرما و فشار گرما نقش دارند. نتیجه فروشندگان ممکن است در تقریباً نیمی از روز کاری در ماههای تابستان در معرض استرس گرما در بازارهای محلی باشند. بنابراین ، بسیار مهم است که آنها دانش کاملی در مورد پیشگیری از بیماری های گرمایی داشته باشند تا اقدامات ایمنی متناسب با شرایط محلی را تدوین و اجرا کنند.}, keywords_fa = {آسایش حرارتی , احساس گرما , بازار دوره ای , تنش گرمایی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5262 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Seyed Mahdi and JahadiNaeini, Mahsa and YazdaniRad, Saeid and Haghighat, Mojtab}, title = {Identification and Ranking of Noise Control Solutions by Using Fuzzy Delphi approach, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Analysis (FAHP) and Fuzzy Vikor in an Oil Refinery}, abstract ={Background: The aimed of this study was to identify and ranking noise control solutions by using fuzzy Delphi approach and FAHP-fuzzy vikor method in an oil refinery. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the catalytic conversion unit in an oil refinery. First, noise measurement was performed based on the standard to identify the sources of noise generating factors. Second, the criteria and initial solutions were identified by reviewing the texts and conducting interviews with experts and the most significant criteria and solutions for noise control were selected using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then, the criteria were weighed using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy method.  Finally, the control solutions were prioritized using fuzzy Vikor method. Results: The results of FAHP method indicated that cost with final weight (0.2796) had the highest weight and non-interference in the process with final weight (0.1107) had the lowest weight among the identified criteria. The ranking of noise control solutions with fuzzy Vickor method indicated that the construction of an acoustic room for workers exposed to weights (Q = 0) as the most appropriate solution for noise control and the method of modifying or changing the work process with the final weight (Q = 1) is the last noise control solution among the solutions identified in the studied refinery. Conclusion: The use of multi-criteria decision-making methods in selecting the appropriate solution for noise control can overcome the uncertainties in making an appropriate decision for selecting the best solution for noise control. In this study, a decision model was introduced for selecting the most appropriate noise control solution based on different criteria and this model can be used in other industries which should select a noise control solution.}, Keywords = {Noise control, Prioritization, Catalytic conversion unit, Fuzzy AHP, Vikor Fuzzy}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {913-920}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارائه یک مدل تصمیم گیری انتخاب مناسبترین روش کنترل صدا در واحد تبدیل کاتالیستی یک پالایشگاه نفت با استفاده از ترکیب تکنیک های دلفی فازی ، تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی و ویکور فازی}, abstract_fa ={چکیده مقدمه : هدف مطالعه حاضر ارائه یک مدل تصمیم گیری انتخاب راهکار کنترل صدا  مبتنی بر روش های تصمیم گیری چند معیاره فازی با استفاده از تکنیک های دلفی فازی، تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی و ویکور فازی انجام بود .  روش کار : مطالعه حاضر از نوع مقطعی بود که در واحد تبدیل کاتالیستی یک پالایشگاه نفت انجام شد. در مرحله اول به منظور شناسایی منابع مولد صدا اندازه گیری صدا با توجه به استاندارد انجام شد . در مرحله دوم  با انجام بررسی متون و انجام مصاحبه با خبرگان معیارها و راهکارهای اولیه شناسایی و با استفاده از  روش دلفی فازی مهمترین معیارها و راهکارهای کنترل صدا انتخاب  و در مرحله سوم با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی وزن دهی  به معیارها انجام گردید . در مرحله اخر راهکارهای کنترلی با استفاده از روش ویکور فازی الویت بندی شد . یافته ها : بر اساس نتایج، معیار هزینه با وزن نهایی (0.2796 ) بعنوان مهمترین و معیار تداخل در فرآیند به عنوان کم اهمیت ترین معیار ( 0.1107)در نظر گرفته شدند. همچنین کنترل صدا بر اساس الویت عبارتند از: احداث اتاق صوتی برای کارگران در معرض مواجه (Q=0) ، احداث اتاقک صوتی روی منابع(Q=0.49) و نصب ساینلسر روی ایرجت ها(Q=0.50) . نتیجه گیری : مدل تصمیم گیری ارائه شده در این مطالعه می تواند به عنوان یک راهنما جهت انتخاب مناسب یک راهکار کنترل صدا در سایر صنایع که دارای مشکل صدا می باشند بکار گرفته شود .}, keywords_fa = {کنترل صدا , الویت بندی, واحد تبدیل کاتالیستی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5263 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {SepahiZoeram, Faeze and Mehri, Hamidreza and FaramarziKuhsar, Meisam and HassanZadeh, Maryam and EsmaeilzadehKavaki, Mortez}, title = {Evaluation of Occupational Exposure of Bus Drivers to Road Particulate Matter in Bojnurd, Iran}, abstract ={Background: Drivers of public vehicles, especially in highly polluted and crowded areas, are exposed to high air pollutants, especially particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10). The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the level of exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Bojnurd, Iran. A sampling of particulate matter was taken through bus drivers' respiratory area in two routes from the main routes of the city using the Haz-Dust device. This device has been designed and manufactured based on the NIOSH-500 method. Using an impactor 10, the amount of particulate matter less than ten microns was read from the device.  Particle sampling was performed in both round-trip buses in three shifts in the morning, noon, and evening for one year. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean statistical indices, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and One-way ANOVA test at 95% significance level by SPSS software version 24. Results: A total of 420 times, PM10 particles were measured in the drivers' respiratory area.  Approximately 21% of the measurement days had a concentration of more than 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air (or µg/m3). Measurements show that among 140 days of measurement, the highest concentration was on May 21 (with 380.66 µg/m3 of air), and the lowest concentration was on August 9 (with 35.33 µg/m3 of air). The average daily exposure of drivers in this one-year was 151.29 µg/m3 of air. Conclusion: The exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd was much higher than recommended by the World Health Organization (50 µg/m3 of air) and slightly higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (150 µg/m3 of air), which predisposes them to cardiovascular disease in the future. The active buses on these two routes did not use the air conditioning system, which allowed suspended particles to penetrate the bus from the outside. It is suggested that in order to reduce the drivers' exposure, effective control measures should be adopted and implemented as soon as possible, such as launching an air conditioning system equipped with a HEPA filter.}, Keywords = {Haz-Dust Device, PM10, Air pollution, Traffic}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {921-928}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی مواجهه شغلی رانندگان اتوبوس با ذرات معلق جاده ای در شهر بجنورد، ایران}, abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: رانندگان وسایل نقلیه عمومی ، به ویژه در مناطق بسیار آلوده و شلوغ، در معرض میزان بالای آلاینده های هوا به ویژه ذرات معلق کمتر از ده میکرون (PM10) قرار دارند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه اندازه گیری و ارزیابی سطح مواجهه رانندگان اتوبوس های درون شهری با ذرات PM10 در شهر بجنورد است. روش کار: این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی در شهر بجنورد انجام شد. نمونه برداری از ذرات معلق در دو مسیر از مسیرهای اصلی شهر و از منطقه تنفسی رانندگان اتوبوس با استفاده از دستگاه Haz Dust و روش 500 NIOSH انجام شد. با استفاده از متعلقات دستگاه ( ایمپکتور 10) و فیلتر تفلونی مقادیر آلاینده ها از روی دستگاه قرائت گردید. نمونه برداری ذرات در مسیر رفت و برگشت اتوبوس ها و در سه نوبت صبح، ظهر و عصر صورت پذیرفت. نتایج اندازه گیری ها به صورت آمار توصیفی و شاخص های آماری میانگین، آزمون آماری تی مستقل و آزمون آماری من ویتنی توسط نرم افزار آماری SPSS16 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در مجموع 420 بار اندازه گیری ذرات PM10 انجام شد. تقریبا 21 درصد از روزهای اندازه گیری غلظتی بیشتر از 150 میکروگرم در متر مکعب هوا داشته اند. اندازه گیری ها نشان می دهد از بین 140 روز اندازه گیری بیست و یکم اردیبهشت ماه (با 380.66 میکروگرم در متر مکعب هوا) بیشترین غلظت و کمترین غلظت در نهم مرداد ماه (با 35.33 میکروگرم در متر مکعب هوا) را داشته اند. میانگین مواجهه روزانه رانندگان در این دوره زمانی یکساله برابر با 151.29 میکروگرم در متر مکعب هوا بوده است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: مواجهه رانندگان اتوبوس با ذرات معلق 10 میکرونی برای رانندگان اتوبوس در شهر بجنورد بسیار بیشتر از میزان توصیه شده سازمان بهداشت جهانی (50 میکروگرم در متر مکعب هوا) می باشد که آنها را مستعد بیماری های قلبی و عروقی در آینده می کند. اتوبوس های فعال در این دو مسیر مورد بررسی از سیستم هوای مطبوع استفاده نمی کنند که باعث نفوذ ذرات معلق از بیرون به درون اتوبوس شده است. پیشنهاد می گردد به منظور کاهش مواجهه رانندگان باید هر چه سریعتر اقدامات کنترلی موثری اتخاذ و اجرا گردد.}, keywords_fa = {دستگاه Haz Dust, PM10, آلودگی هوا, ترافیک}, doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5264 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AhmadiMoshiran, Vahid and Karimi, Ali and Golbabaei, Farideh and Sadeghi, Mohsen and Sajedian, Ali Asghar and Ghasemikozekonan, Ays}, title = {Comparative Assessment of Carcinogenic Risk of Styrene Vapors Using Two Semi-Quantitative Methods in a Petrochemical Industry}, abstract ={Background: Styrene is one of the chemicals used in industries, especially the petrochemical industry, which affects health. Singaporean methods and the WHO use different parameters to assess the carcinogenic risk of the substance. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the level of carcinogenic risk due to exposure to styrene using the Singapore Department of Occupational Health with the risk levels provided using the WHO to achieve high-reliability results. Methods: In this study, 150 air samples were collected from the respiratory area of 50 employees by NIOSH1501 method, after identification of styrene emission units and preparation of identical exposure groups. The samples were analyzed by Varian-cp3800 gas chromatograph. Finally, the risk of styrene's health effects on petrochemical staff was calculated using the method of the Singapore Department of Occupational Health, and the results were compared with the risk levels of styrene presented by WHO. Results: The carcinogenicity of styrene was higher in polybutadiene latex (PBL) (2.3 ) and the fire department (1.3 ) in comparison with the other units. The World Health Organization-defined risk levels predicted 22% of staff to be a "definitive" carcinogenic risk. While the Singapore Department of Occupational Health approached a "low" risk rating. Conclusion: A "low" risk rating was obtained through the Singapore Department of Occupational Health. But the WHO method for 30 years of exposure to styrene predicted "probable risk" and "definitive risk." This showed a high difference in the results of the two semi-quantitative methods used.  }, Keywords = {Health Risk Assessment, Styrene, Occupational exposure, Petrochemical}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {929-936}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {مقایسه نتایج ارزیابی ریسک سرطان شغلی در دو روش نیمه کمی، مطالعه موردی : مواجهه تنفسی با استایرین در یک صنعت پتروشیمی}, abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف:استایرن یکی مواد شیمیایی مورد استفاده در صنایع به ویژه  صنعت پتروشیمی است که خطراتی برای سلامتی دارد.  لذا در جهت شناسایی و کنترل خطرات سلامتی این ماده ارزیابی ریسک ضروری می نماید. در این راستا مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه سطح ریسک سرطان زایی ناشی از مواجهه با استارین به روش دپارتمان بهداشت حرفه ای سنگاپور با سطوح ریسک ارائه شده از سوی WHO، انجام پذیرفت. مواد و روش ها: در مطالعه  حاضر بعد از شناسایی واحدهای نشر کننده استایرن و تهیه گروههای مواجهه همسان، نمونه گیری به روش1501NIOSH، انجام گرفت. نمونه ها با دستگاه گازکروماتوگراف مدل Varian-cp3800،آنالیز شد. در نهایت با روش نیمه کمی دپارتمان بهداشت حرفه ای سنگاپور، ریسک اثرات سلامتی استایرن بر کارکنان شاغل در پتروشیمی محاسبه و نتایج با سطوح ریسک ارائه شده برای استایرن از سوی سازمان WHO مقایسه شد. یافته ها:  میزان سرطان زایی استایرن در واحد  پلی بوتادین لاتکس PBL(00023/0) و آتش نشانی (00013/0)، بیشتر از سایر واحد ها بود. مقایسه نتایج با سطوح ریسک تعریف شده از سوی سازمان بهداشت جهانی برای 22درصد کارکنان ریسک سرطان زایی "قطعی" پیش بینی کرد. در حالی که به روش دپارتمان بهداشت حرفه ای سنگاپور، رتبه ریسک "کم" بدست آمد. نتیجه :  علی رغم اینکه از طریق روش نیمه کمی دپارتمان بهداشت شغلی سنگاپور، حائز رتبه ریسک "کم" شده است ولی در رتبه بندی سطح ریسک از سوی سازمان WHO، برای 30 سال مواجهه با استایرن "احتمال سرطان زایی" و "سرطان زایی قطعی" پیش بینی شد که نشان دهنده میزان اختلاف بالای نتایج حاصل بود.}, keywords_fa = {ریسک نیمه کمی, اثرات سلامتی, استایرن, پتروشیمی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5265 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {khorshidiBehzadi, Yaser and Ranjbarian, Mohammad and Khodakarim, Soheil}, title = {Aircraft Noise and its Effects on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate at Mehrabad Airport Employees}, abstract ={Background: Sound is an inevitable part of everyday life these days. Hypertension is the most significant preventible risk of immature death all around the world. The main purpose of this study is to answer this question: Does aircraft noise affect blood pressure and heart rate? Methods: To achieve this objective, 100 personnel from the airport were selected. Additionally, 100 personnel were selected for the control group. In this case-control study the B&K dosimeter  model 4444 was used to record noise in a long time duration (8 hours) Blood pressure and heart rates were measured before and after their shift and during their work shift by connecting a dosimeter device to their body and recording noise exposure. SPSS V.22 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Analyses showed that the average noise intensity in the experimental group was 87.84 ± 2.76, and in the control group, it was 70.01 ± 4.01's. Compared with the control group, mean differences between systolic (P <0/001) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.047) was significant, while the mean differences in heart rate after the shift not have a significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions: research indicates that unacceptable noise could be a hazardous agent for hypertension. It is suggested that monitoring blood pressure, training workers, and periodic examination to be practiced to decrease blood pressure.}, Keywords = {Aircraft, Noise, Hypertension, Blood pressure}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {937-944}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی آلودگی صوتی و تآثیر آن بر روی پارامترهای فشارخون و ضربان قلب، در کارکنان یک فرودگاه}, abstract_fa ={سابقه و هدف: صدا به عنوان جزء اجتناب ناپذیری از زندگی روزمره‌ی انسان‌ها است. میلیون‌ها نفر از انسان‌ها بر اثر سکته‌ی قلبی و مغزی جان خود را از دست می‌دهند و عامل اصلی این سکته‌ها پرفشاری خون است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی رابطه‌ی میان صدای هواپیما با فشارخون و ضربان قلب کارکنان فرودگاه مهرآباد است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه 100نفر از کارکنان فرودگاه مهرآباد بعنوان گروه مورد و 100نفر گروه شاهد، انتخاب شدند. برای ارزیابی میزان مواجهه افراد با صدا از دستگاه دوزیمتر B&K مدل 4444، برای اندازه‌گیری فشارخون، فشارسنج Emsig و برای اندازه‌گیری ضربان قلب از دستگاه ضربان سنج پلار استفاده شد. گروه‌ مورد و شاهد قبل و بعد از شیفت، فشارخون و ضربان قلب آنها اندازه‌گیری شد و در حین شیفت، دستگاه دوزیمتر، میزان مواجهه با صدا را ثبت کرد. نرم افزار SPSS جهت تحلیل و آنالیز آماری استفاده شد. یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد میانگین میزان مواجهه فردی با صدا در گروه مورد (87,84 ± 2,7 dB )  بیشتر از گروه شاهد (70,01 ± 4,01 dB) و بالاتر از حد استاندارد است. میانگین فشارخون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک قبل و بعد از شیفت در گروه مورد نسبت به شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری دارد (p/05). همچنین مشخص شد تراز معادل صوت با فشارخون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک رابطه معنی‌داری دارد(p<.05). نتیجه­گیری: نتایج نشان داد تماس با صدا می تواند یک عامل خطر برای افزایش فشارخون شریانی باشد. پیشنهاد می‌شود به منظور کنترل فشارخون پایش مداوم، آموزش افراد و معاینات دوره‌ای صورت گیرد.}, keywords_fa = {آلودگی صوتی, دوزیمتری, فرودگاه, فشارخون, ضربان قلب}, doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5266 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Elnaz and Nakhjavani, Fateme and Safari, Sara and Nematollahi, Hanieh and Mardaneh, Samira and BabaeiPouya, Ami}, title = {Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Risk Priority Number in a Combined Cycle Power Plant}, abstract ={Background: Work-related accidents are one of the most important factors in the loss of human lives. With technology and industrial progress, the consequences of accidents due to hazards become more severe and may even stop the work of power plants. This study aimed to identify and assess the risk of hazards in a combined cycle power plant. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the risk of a combined cycle power plant using the FMEA method. Having studied various documentation and records, holding different meetings, and brainstorming, the risk priority number was calculated and corrective suggestions have been presented. Results: Out of a total of 74 identified risks, 34 (45.94%) were at high risk, and 40 (54.05%) were of medium risk. 85% of the risks had the highest severity levels that could cause explosions and fires, injuries, and burns. Conclusion: It can be mentioned that the risks associated with industries such as power plants were high and preventive measures in such places are very important. Identifying hazards and risk assessments with a standard method such as FMEA was a useful way to prevent accidents and human and financial losses.  }, Keywords = {Risk assessment, FMEA, Combined cycle power plant, Fire and Explosion}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {945-953}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {Failure Modes Analysis and Risk Priority Number in a Combined Cycle Power Plant}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5267 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Nakhjani, Shima and Bidel, Hamideh and Nakhjavani, Maryam and Zavvar, Hamideh and Momtaz, Sayed Mojtaba and Halvani, Gholamhossein and Halvani, Niloofar}, title = {Modeling and Investigating the Production of Carbon Dioxide Gas Using HSC Software in the Tile Industry}, abstract ={Background: The study of the production and emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2 in the atmosphere, is one of the most important environmental issues and concerns of the international community. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and furnace fuel concentration changes on CO2 and CO production. Methods: In this study, using HSC Chemistry 6 software, the existing reactions for fuels used in the furnace, including CaCO3, MgCO3, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, were simulated. The concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced at different temperatures were investigated. Results: In the CaCO3 reaction, the temperature has a direct effect on carbon dioxide production but no effect on carbon monoxide production. In the MgCO3 reaction, the temperature has little effect on the production of both, and for the rest of the reactions, the effect of temperature depends on the molar composition and reaction conditions. Conclusion: In general, the results show that temperature affects the production of carbon dioxide and monoxide, so the emission of these gases to the environment can be reduced by adjusting the temperature of the furnace reactors.}, Keywords = {Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, HSC software, Tile industry}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {954-960}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {مدل‌سازی و بررسی میزان تولید گاز دی‌اکسید کربن با نرم‌افزار HSC در صنعت کاشی استان یزد}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: بررسی میزان تولید و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای ازجمله دی‌اکسید کربن (CO2) در جو از مهم‌ترین موضوعات زیست‌محیطی و نگرانی جامعه جهانی است. لذا این مطالعه باهدف بررسی تأثیر دما و غلظت بر میزان تولید CO2 و CO انجام گردید.  روش بررسی: در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 6 HSC Chemistry، واکنش‌های موجود در کارخانه کاشی سرامیک ازجمله برای CaCO3، MgCO3، Fe2O3 با کربن و کربن مونواکسید، Fe3O4 با کربن و کربن مونواکسید در دماهای مختلف بررسی شد. بحث و یافته: در واکنش کلسیم کربنات دما، تأثیر مستقیمی بر تولید کربن دی‌اکسید دارد اما در تولید مونوکسید کربن تأثیری ندارد. در واکنش منیزیم کربنات، دما تأثیر ناچیزی بر تولید هر دو دارد و برای بقیه واکنش‌ها، تأثیر دما به ترکیب مولی و شرایط انجام واکنش بستگی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان می‌دهند دما بر میزان تولید کربن دی‌اکسید و مونوکسید تأثیرگذار است، بنابراین باید باکم و زیاد کردن دمای راکتورهای کوره، انتشار این گازها به محیط‌زیست کاهش یابد.  }, keywords_fa = {کربن دی‌اکسید, کربن مونوکسید, نرم‌افزار HSC, صنعت کاشی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i1.5268 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ramanndi, Vivek and Desai, Anj}, title = {Prevalence and Risk Factors of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Physiotherapists: A Narrative Review of Literature}, abstract ={Background: Physiotherapists (PTs) are at the highest risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) because of the nature of demands from their profession. This review aims to describe current knowledge associated with the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs among Indian PTs. Methods: Various electronic databases were searched for literature relating to WMSDs in PTs from India between years 2010 and 2020. Four full texts and two abstracts were selected based on the inclusion criteria and reviewed in a narrative way. Results: Overall prevalence of WMSDs among PTs was reported to be high, with lifetime prevalence as high as 91%, and the lower back, neck, upper back, and shoulders as the most frequently affected in descending order. The major risk factors reported for WMSDs were: lifting, physical load, transferring, static and awkward static postures, treating a large number of patients per day, and repetitive movements. WMSDs were reported to be associated with age, gender, and physical activity levels, with a higher prevalence in female PTs. Also the younger PTs and PTs with lower physical activity levels were reported to be more affected. Conclusion: It was inferred that the work-related injuries are not prevented by the knowledge about cor­rect body mechanics and skills. PTs need to develop work modification strategies and mechanical aids to reduce WMSDs in without compromising the quality of treatment.}, Keywords = {Prevention, Physiotherapists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Risk factors, Work-related}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {961-968}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {شیوع و عوامل خطر اختلالات اسکلتی - عضلانی مرتبط با کار در بین فیزیوتراپیست های هندی: مروری داستانی بر ادبیات}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6190}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Fallah, Rohollah and Pourtaghi, Gholamhossei}, title = {Waste-based Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding design and fabrication: waste-to-wealth}, abstract ={  Pollution from electromagnetic radiation has caused widespread concern and some of its health effects have not yet been proven. On the other hand, as electronic information technology advances, electromagnetic radiation emission is rising and becoming more serious. Therefore, the evolution of new electromagnetic interference shielding materials with excellent performance is crucial. Around the world, researchers are also looking for new materials and innovations to use in the manufacture of electromagnetic shields. Metal composites have the best EMI protection, but they have disadvantages including high weight density, low flexibility, low corrosion resistance, and high surface reflection (1). Polymer composites have properties such as lightness, excellent corrosion resistance and chemical resistance (2). The comparison between high protective efficiency and cost-effective implementation, on the other hand, is not yet well-balanced. We believe that repurposing waste and enhancing its resistance to electromagnetic waves is a smart way to save materials and resources. The “Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle” waste hierarchy includes recycling as a crucial aspect (3). Zeng et al. in 2020 and Vazhayal et al. in 2020, Ma et al. in 2019 referred to the term "waste to wealth" in their articles on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (4-6). Therefore, research can still be done in this direction. According to research, waste-based composites appear to be environmentally friendly, cost-effective, inexpensive and suitable for mass production. Finally, as the Executive Director of AOH joural, I request the authors to submit their research papers in this field for publication in this journal.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {969-970}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {Waste-based Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding design and fabrication: waste-to-wealth}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6191 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Soltanzadeh, Ahmad and Heidari, Hamidreza and JavadiHoseini, Zahra Sadat and Sorooshnia, Maryam and Rahimifard, Ho}, title = {Safety Risk Assessment in Medical and Paramedical Education Laboratories}, abstract ={Background: Considering the reported positive effects of risk management practices and monitoring them by conducting risk assessments and achieving safety improvements, this study was conducted to assess the risks in the educational laboratories of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 medical and paramedical educational laboratories. To assess safety conditions in the laboratories, a comprehensive safety checklist was developed, and in order to assess the risks of laboratories, a method called FMEA was used. Two trained occupational health and safety experts evaluated the laboratories understudy, identified the hazards, completed the relevant checklists, and subsequently ranked them based on severity, occurrence, and detection. Finally, a comparison was made based on the calculated Risk Priority Number (RPN) for each hazard. Results: In general, the fire hazards and electrical hazards of 54% of the laboratories have been accompanied by normal risk (RPN< 70), and nearly 8% of the laboratories had critical fire and electrical risks, including chemistry and immunology laboratories. In the case of equipment hazards, nearly 60% of the laboratories had critical or semi-critical risk levels. It is indicated that health exposure hazards were the most important hazards compared to the other ones. So that 61.5% of the laboratories had critical risk, and 15.3 % of them categorized as semi-critical risk. The highest RPN allocated to the biochemistry and chemistry laboratories (RPN>250). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in general, three types of hazards, including health hazards, equipment, and material storage, should be given priority.}, Keywords = {Risk assessment, Safety Hazards, Failure mode & effects analysis (FMEA), Laboratory}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {971-979}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {Safety Risk Assessment in Medical and Paramedical Education Laboratories}, abstract_fa ={Introduction: Considering the reported positive effects of risk management practices and monitoring them by conducting risk assessments and achieving safety improvements, this study was conducted to assess the risks in the educational laboratories of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Material and method: This cross- sectional study was conducted in 13 medical and paramedical educational laboratories. To assess safety conditions in the laboratories, a comprehensive safety checklist was developed and in order to assess the risks of laboratories, a method called FMEA was used. Two trained occupational health and safety experts evaluated the laboratories under study and identified the hazards, completed the relevant checklists, and subsequently ranked them based on severity, occurrence and detection. Finally, a comparison was made based on the calculated Risk Priority Number (RPN) for each hazard. Results: In general, fire hazards and electrical hazards 54% of the laboratories have been accompanied normal risk (RPN< 70) and nearly 8% of the laboratories had critical fire and electrical risks including chemistry and immunology laboratories. In the case of equipment hazards, nearly 60% of the laboratories had critical or semi-critical risk levels. it is indicated that health exposure hazards were the most important hazards compared to the other ones. So that 61.5% of the laboratories had critical risk and 15.3 % of them categorized as semi- critical risk. The highest RPN allocated to the biochemistry and chemistry laboratories (RPN>250). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in general, three types of hazards, including health hazards, equipment and material storage, should be given priority.}, keywords_fa = {Risk assessment, Safety Hazards, Failure mode &, effects analysis (FMEA), Laboratory}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6192}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mehri, Ahmad and Sajedifar, Javad and Abbasi, Milad and Tajbakhsh, Mohammad Ali and Mohammadian, Farough and Salehian, Tahmineh and Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl}, title = {The Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of Very Long Tunnels}, abstract ={Background: One of the major topics related to the very long tunnels is dark hole effect. This is a common phenomenon caused by the sunlight reflected from the surroundings of the tunnel to the eyes of drivers and the lack of sufficient light at the tunnels' entrance, which decreases the contrast of barriers inside the tunnel and also makes it difficult to see potential obstacles at the entrance. The result is an increased risk of traffic accidents in these tunnels. Therefore, the aim of this research is to subjectively assessment the safe rate of lighting in one of the very long tunnels located in the province of Ilam. Methods: To subject evaluation the safe rate of lighting at the tunnel entrances, two parameters of the average luminance of tunnel entrance and equivalent luminance are required. In this study, Luminancemeter device model S3 was used to measure the average luminance of tunnel entrance. Then, to calculate the equivalent luminance, a YASHICA108 camera with a 35 mm lens was photographed at a distance between the tunnel entrance and a safe stopping point, and then the Holliday polar diagram was used to calculate equivalent luminance (accordance with the standard CIE88-2004). Results: In this study, the average luminance at tunnel's entrance was equal to 17 , the luminance was equal to 127.5  Using the ADRENAL equation, the quality of lightening at the tunnel entrance was less than 1. Conclusion: Comparison of the results obtained from the healthy and safety rate of lighting levels at the tunnel's entrance with the De Boer mental scale indicated that a dark hole effect occurs at the entrance of the tunnel under investigation and the light sources installed at the entrance of this tunnel did not have the sufficient ability to inhibit the dark hole effect.}, Keywords = {Dark Hole Phenomenon, Luminance, Road Tunnels, De Boer Mental Scale, Safe rate of lighting}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {980-987}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی ذهنی وضعیت روشنایی در ورودی تونل های جاده ای}, abstract_fa ={زمینه و هدف: یکی مشکلات اساسی که در ارتباط با تونل های جاده ای وجود دارد پدیده حفره سیاه است. این پدیده در نتیجه بازتاب نور خورشید از محیط اطراف تونل به چشم رانندگان و همچنین عدم روشنایی کافی در ورودی تونل ها ایجاد می گردد که باعث کاهش کنتراست موانع داخل تونل شده و قابلیت دیدن موانع احتمالی در ورودی تونل ها را با مشکل روبه رو می کند که نتیجه آن افزایش احتمال ریسک حوادث رانندگی در این تونل ها می باشد. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی ذهنی سطح ایمن روشنایی در یکی از تونل های بسیار طویل جاده ای واقع در استان ایلام می باشد. مواد و روشها: برای ارزیابی ذهنی سطح ایمن روشنایی در ورودی تونل ها به دو پارامتر میانگین درخشندگی ورودی تونل ها و درخشندگی معادل نیازمند است که در این مطالعه برای اندازه گیری میانگین درخشندگی ورودی تونل از دستگاه لومینانس متر S3 استفاده شد. سپس برای محاسبه درخشندگی معادل با استفاده از دوربین عکاسی YASHICA108 با لنز 35 میلیمتری به فاصله توقف ایمن از ورودی تونل عکس گرفته شد و سپس با توجه به نمودار قطبی هالیدی، درخشندگی معادل مشخص گردید. یافته ها: در این مطالعه میانگین درخشندگی در ورودی تونل برابر با 17 کاندلا بر متر مربع، درخشندگی معادل برابر با 5/127 کاندلا بر مترمربع و با استفاده از معادله آدرین، کیفیت روشنایی در ورودی تونل کمتر از 1 تعیین شد. نتایج: مقایسه نتایج حاصل از سطح ایمن روشنایی در ورودی تونل با مقیاس ذهنی دی بور نشان داد که در ورودی تونل مورد مطالعه پدیده حفره سیاه ایجاد می شود و منابع روشنایی نصب شده در ورودی این تونل توانایی لازم برای جلوگیری از پدیده حفره سیاه را نداشتند.  }, keywords_fa = {پدیده حفره سیاه, روشنایی,درخشندگی,  تونل های جاده ای, مقیاس ذهنی دی بور, سطح ایمن روشنایی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6193}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Heydari, Ahad and Fallah-Aliabadi, Saee}, title = {Application of FMEA and AHP in Elevated Highway Construction Project Risk Assessment}, abstract ={Background: By investigating accidents in industries, it can be concluded that a significant proportion of work-related accidents occur in the construction industry. The present study aimed to apply a hybrid model in identifying and prioritizing risks in a construction project with new machinery. Methods: In this study, the methodological shortcomings of the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method and the need to prioritize control measures were modified by the analytical hierarchy of process (AHP). The FMEA was used for risk identification and risk assessment in the elevated highway construction project, then AHP accidents were prioritized according to their physical, psychological, economic, and socio-political burden. Results: In the AHP structure, several sub-criteria for each criterion were considered and weighted for each item. The five activities included crane collapse, falling from a height, collapse, and electrocution devices that their risk priority number is more than 250 weighted by the AHP. Discussion: Based on the literature, the traditional FMEA has many shortcomings that need to be corrected by other methods. This study aimed to modify the traditional FMEA method using a hybrid model. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that in urban projects, hazards threaten workers, citizens, and company properties. In addition to accidents, deaths, and injuries, they have negative consequences, such as health, psychological, economic, and socio-political impacts. Accidents cause loss of human life, worker's mental health problems, damage to equipment or property, worker's productivity loss, and affect the profit and reputation of the organization. Due to many deficiencies of the conventional risk priority number (RPN) in the FMEA method, it was criticized, and to enhance the performance of the FMEA in risk analysis, various risk priority models have been proposed.}, Keywords = {Launching Gantry Crane, Elevated Highway, Risk Assessment, Analytical Hierarchy}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {988-992}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {A Modified FMEA Model Using AHP In Elevated Highway Construction Project Risk analysis}, abstract_fa ={Introduction: With accident investigation in industries can be concluded that a significant proportion of work-related accidents occurred in construction industry. In every year, 60.000 fatal accidents occur worldwide in construction sector and one worker dies because of an occupational accident in every 10 minutes. Safety risk identification and risk assessment in the industry is the essential element of risk management program. Except of financial loss, other aspect of political, socio-economic and cultural prospective of accidents must be considered for companies. Methods: In this study, methodological shortcoming of traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method and need to prioritize control measures, has been modified by analytical hierarchy of process (AHP). The FMEA used to risk identification and risk assessment in the elevated highway construction project, then using AHP accidents prioritized according to their physical, psychological, economic and socio-political burden. Results: In analytical hierarchy of process structure several sub-criteria for each criterion considered and weighted for each item. The five activities included crane collapse, crane collapsed, falling from height, collapse and electrocution devices that their risk priority number is more than 250 are weighted by analytical hierarchy of process. Discussion: based on literature the traditional FMEA has lots of shortcoming that it is needed to correct with other methods. This the findings of this study showed that in urban projects hazards threatening workers, citizens and company properties. Beside accidents death and injuries, they have negative consequences such as health, psychological, economical Socio – political impact. Accidents cause loss of human life; worker psychological problems, loss of worker`s productivity, damages to equipment or property and furthermore influence the organization`s reputation and profit. The conventional risk priority number (RPN) in FMEA method has been criticized to have many deficiencies and various risk priority models have been proposed to enhance the performance of FMEA in risk analysis.    Conclusion: The risk management in construction in urban area greatly will identify the project hazards and its negative consequents. In this study, a AHP method based FMEA developed to identify and prioritize safety risk assessment in elevated expressway construction showed that the accidents In addition to the risks to life, they have political, social and cultural consequences.      }, keywords_fa = {Launching gantry crane, Elevated highway, Risk assessment, Analytic hierarchy}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6194}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kheirandish, Ahmad Ali and Bidel, Hamideh}, title = {Investigation of Noise Pollution Distribution in Different Parts of Yazd Textile Factories}, abstract ={Background: Chronic occupational exposure to noise is an unavoidable reality in the country's textile industry and even other countries. The aim of this study was to compare the sound pressure level in different parts of the textile industry in Yazd and in different parts of the textile industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 930 textile workers in Yazd. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information and how to use protective equipment. Then, to obtain the sound pressure level of each unit and device and to use the measurement principles, a calibrated sound level meter was used. Then the results were analyzed using SPSS Ver.29 software. Results: The participants in this study were 714 males and 216 females with a mean age of 35.27 and 33.63 years, respectively. Seven hundred fifty-six participants (81.29%) were exposed to sound pressure levels higher than 85 dB. Among the participants, only 18.39% of the people used a protective phone permanently. Except for factory E, with an average sound pressure level of 77.78 dB, the rest of the factories had an average sound pressure level higher than the occupational exposure limit. The sound measurement results of different devices show that the sound pressure levels above 90 dB are related to the parts of Dolatab, Ring, Kinetting (knitting), Chanel, Autoconer, Dolakni, Open End, MultiLakni, Tabandegi, Texture, and Poy. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, noise above 90 dB is considered as one of the main risk factors in most parts of the textile industry (spinning and weaving), which in the absence of engineering, managerial or individual controls on it causes hearing loss in becoming employees of this industry.}, Keywords = {Noise exposure, Sound pressure level, Textile industry, Hearing loss}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {993-999}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {بررسی میزان آلودگی صوتی درکارخانجات نساجی شهر یزد}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مواجهه شغلی مزمن با صدا یک واقعیت غیر قابل اجتناب در صنایع نساجی کشور و حتی سایر کشورها می باشد. علاوه بر اثرات شناخته شده صدا بر انسان، اثرات شناخته نشده دیگری نیز وجود دارند که دور از انتظار نمی باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تراز فشار صوت در قسمت های مختلف نه شرکت نساجی و تاثیر این صدا بر روی افت شنوایی کارگران انجام شده است. روش کار: این مطالعه مقطعی بر روی 930 نفر از کارگران صنعت نساجی شهر یزد در سال 1397 انجام شده است. برای به دست آوردن اطلاعات دموگرافیک، بیماریهای زمینه ای، نحوه استفاده از وسایل حفاظتی، سابقه کار و نام دستگاه مربوطه از پرسش نامه طراحی شده استفاده گردید. در ادامه برای به دست آوردن تراز فشار صوت هر واحد و دستگاه از دستگاه تراز سنج صوت کالیبره شده برای شناسایی میزان مواجهه افراد استفاده گردید. همچنین برای افرادی که در ساعتهای مختلف با ترازهای متفاوت صوت مواجهه داشتند از تراز معادل هشت ساعته برای بررسی میزان مواجهه افراد استفاده گردید. در ادامه با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS V13 نتییج مورد آنالیز و بررسی قرار گرفت. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج مطالعه حاضر صدای بالای 90 دسی بل به عنوان یکی از ریسک فاکتورهای اساسی در اکثر قسمت های صنعت نساجی(ریسندگی و بافندگی) به حساب می آید که در صورت عدم کنترل های مهندسی، مدیریتی و یا فردی بر روی آن باعث افت شنوایی در شاغلین این صنعت می شود.  }, keywords_fa = {مواجهه صوتی, تراز فشار صوت, صنعت نساجی, افت شنوایی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6195}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Beheshti, Mohammad Hossein and Jafarizaveh, Mostafa and Samaei, Seyyed Ehsan and Vosoughi, Shahram and BorhaniJebeli, Maryam and Zia, Ghasem}, title = {Study of Biomechanical Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Bakery Business Based on ART and OCRA Index}, abstract ={Background:Bakery workers, Beacause of their nature, are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders caused by ergonomic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in bakery workers. Methods: In the current study, all tasks of sangak, taftoon, and lavash bakery in Gonabad were selected based on the census method. Next, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method was used for task analysis, and the job was degraded to tasks, actions, and movements. For the following step, the ART and OCRA method was implemented to identify common risk factors in repetitive tasks that can contribute to developing musculoskeletal disorders of upper limbs. Analysis of the results in this study was performed using SPSS 17. Results: According to the results study, the ART and OCRA index score for shater and chonegir tasks for all three kinds of bakeries is at high risk (red zone). In ART index score of arm movements, repetition, force, head/neck posture, and back posture for shater and choonegir task in lavash and taftoon bakery and shater task in sangak bakery is in its maximum levels. This reflects the level of red risk and indicates that in these tasks, fast arm movements, repetition, force, head/neck posture, and back posture are recognized as major occupational risk factors in these tasks. Conclusion: The results showed that the risk of musculoskeletal disorders owing to repetitive tasks is relatively high in the bakery and ergonomic interventions are required to redesign the job. This study shows the use of the ART method as a practical, applicable, easy, and convenient method for evaluation and ergonomics interventions in repetitive work tasks.}, Keywords = {Risk factors, Ergonomics, Bakery, ART index, OCRA index}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {1000-1011}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی بروز اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در حرفه نانوایی بر اساس شاخص ART و OCRA}, abstract_fa ={چکیده مقدمه:  کارگران حرفه نانوایی به دلیلی ماهیت شغل خود در معرض اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی ناشی از عوامل ارگونومی قرار دارند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی ریسک فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی بروز اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در کارگران حرفه نانوایی می باشد.   روش کار: در مطالعه مقطعی حاضر کلیه وظایف نانوایی سنگک ، لواش و تافتون شهر گناباد بصورت سرشماری انتخاب شدند و سپس با استفاده از روش تجزیه و تحلیل سلسه مراتبی وظایف (HTA) هر شغل به وظایف و هر وظیفه به فعالیت ها و هر فعالیت به حرکات تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. سپس روش ART وOCRA برای شناسایی ریسک فاکتورهای رایج در کارهای تکراری که در پیشرفت اختلالات اندام های فوقانی دخیل هستند، استفاده شد. آنالیز نتایج در این مطالعه با استفاده از SPSS 17 انجام شد.   یافته ها : بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه نمره شاخص ART  و OCRA برای وظایف شاطر و چونه گیر در هر 3 نوع نانوایی در سطح خطر بالا( ناحیه قرمز ) قرار  دارند. بر اساس شاخص ART امتیاز مربوط به حرکات بازو و تکرار ، نیرو ،  پوسچر سر/گردن و پوسچر پشت /کمر برای چونه گیر و شاطر نانوایی لواش و تافتون و همچنین شاطر نانوایی سنگک در حداکثر مقدار خود بدست آمد که نشان دهده سطح خطر قرمز بوده و حاکی از این است که در این وظایف حرکات سریع بازو ، تکرار ، نیرو  ، پوسچر سر/گردن و پوسچر پشت /کمر به عنوان ریسک فاکتورهای شغلی عمده در  این وظایف مطرح می باشد. میزان همبستگی نتایج شاخص OCRA با شاخص ATR  در نانوایی لواش در حدود 85/0بدست آمد.   نتیجه گیری :  نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که ریسک ابتلا به اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی ناشی از وظایف تکراری در شغل مورد بررسی نسبتا بالاست و مداخلات ارگونومی بهمنظور طراحی مجدد شغل مورد نظر مورد نیاز است. این مطالعه کاربرد روش ART را به طور عملی نشان می دهد و بکارگیری آن را بعنوان روشی کاربردپذیر، آسان و مناسب برای اهداف ارزیابی و مداخلات ارگونومی در وظایف کاری تکراری پیشنهاد می کند.   کلیدواژه ها : ریسک فاکتور ، ارگونومی ، نانوایی ، شاخصART، شاخص OCRA  }, keywords_fa = {کلیدواژه ها : ریسک فاکتور , ارگونومی , نانوایی , شاخصART, شاخص OCRA}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6196 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mehri, Hamidreza and Sepahi-Zoeram, Faeze and Karimi, Ali and Golbabaei, Farideh}, title = {Presenting a Method for Evaluating the Safety Risk Management Process in Industries Using Fuzzy Logic Approach}, abstract ={Background: An effective process for preventing industrial accidents basically requires a thorough study of the environment, data collection, evaluation, and analysis of this information, determination of corrective action, and its implementation. Risk management provides an integrated framework for this important process. The purpose of this study was to identify the parameters of the risk management process, combine these parameters by fuzzy logic and construct a fuzzy model to obtain the risk management index and finally design a questionnaire with Likert scale to obtain the inputs of this model to evaluate the risk management process. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in Tehran. First, based on library studies and experts' opinions, Jaques non-linear crisis management model was selected, and based on this model, the parameters of the risk management process were extracted. Then, a questionnaire with 22 questions was designed to measure these parameters, the content and face validity of which were evaluated. Also, to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Then the parameters were defined as fuzzy numbers, the Fuzzy inference engine was programmed using fuzzy rules, and its validity was evaluated. Results: The fuzzy model has three stages, in each of which sixteen rules are used. In this fuzzy model, the defuzzification step was performed by four methods with the same results. The designed questionnaire contains twenty-two questions, the content validity ratio (CVR) for this questionnaire is 0.89, and the content validity index (CVI) for all questions was above 0.79. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this questionnaire was 0.713. Face validity was determined quantitatively by calculating the impact score (more than 1.5). Using intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient, the existence of reliability between test times (test-retest) was confirmed, so that their values were 0.84 and 0.88%, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed fuzzy model has a high validity giving a correct evaluation of the risk management process and expressing the final result in the form of an index between zero and one hundred. The risk management process evaluation questionnaire has good validity and reliability with the interpretation that the item has good face validity and is understandable, simple, and fluent for the sample group. Using this tool, industry managers can evaluate the safety risk management process, making them able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this process, and finally take steps to eliminate the defects and improve this process continuously.}, Keywords = {Questionnaire design, Risk identification, Risk prioritization, MATLAB Software, Validity, Reliability}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {1012-1021}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارائه روش ارزیابی فرایند مدیریت ریسک ایمنی در صنایع با رویکرد تحیلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی}, abstract_fa ={سابقه و هدف: یک فرآیند موثر پیشگیری از حوادث صنعتی، اساسا نیاز به بررسی دقیق محیط، جمع آوری اطلاعات، ارزیابی و آنالیز این اطلاعات، تعیین اقدام اصلاحی و اجرای آن است. مدیریت ریسک چارچوبی یکپارچه برای این فرایند مهم فراهم می کند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه شناسایی فازهای فرایند مدیریت ریسک، تعیین اهمیت هر یک از این معیارها با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی و در نهایت طراحی یک پرسشنامه با طیف لیکرت جهت ارزیابی فرایند مدیریت ریسک می باشد.  روش: این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی در سال 1397 در تهران انجام شد. ابتدا بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و نظر متخصصان فازهای فرایند مدیریت ریسک شناسایی شدند، در ادامه با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی، وزن نسبی هر یک از فازها تعیین گردید. در مرحله بعد پرسشنامه ای طراحی شد که روایی و پایایی آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج بررسی ها نشان داد که شناسایی ریسک، اولویت بندی ریسک ها، تعیین استراتژی و پیاده سازی اقدامات اصلاحی چهار فاز اصلی فرایند مدیریت ریسک می باشند که شناسایی ریسک با وزن نسبی 0.31 بیشترین اهمیت را در این میان دارد. پرسشنامه طراحی شده بیست و دو سوال دارد که ضریب نسبی روایی محتوا (CVR)  برای این پرسشنامه 0.89 می باشد و شاخص روایی محتوا (CVI) 0.86 می باشد. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای این پرسشنامه برابر با 0.713 بدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: پرسشنامه ارزیابی فرایند مدیریت ریسک از روایی و پایایی خوبی برخوردار است. با استفاده از این ابزار مدیران صنایع می توانند فرآیند مدیریت ریسک ایمنی را ارزیابی کنند و نقاط ضعف و قدرت این فرایند را شناسایی، و در نهایت در جهت رفع نقایص و بهبود مستمر این فرایند گام بردارند.}, keywords_fa = {طراحی پرسشنامه, شناسایی ریسک, اولویت بندی ریسک, تعیین استراتژی, پیاده سازی اقدامات اصلاحی}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i2.6197}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kocyigit-Cakir, Zehra and Ozkan, Ozlem}, title = {Incidence of Occupational Accidents and Contributing Factors among Male Workers in an Electrical Distribution Company in Istanbul, Turkey}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among male workers in an electric power distribution company and to analyze the contributing factors. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 158 male workers from an electricity distribution company in Istanbul (Turkey) between October 2014 and June 2015 in two phases. In the first phase, the data were collected with the face-to-face interviews based on a questionnaire related to the occupational accidents and working conditions in the past year. Then, each worker was followed-up for four months for the occupational accident incidence. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The degree and magnitude of association between dependent and independent variables were determined by Phi (Φ) and Cramer's V coefficient. Results: The incidence rate of self-reported occupational accidents was 47.5% in the past year. The incidence was found to be higher for those aged over 41 (51.7%, p=0.02), work in lighting and overhead line units (71.0% and 47.2%, p=0.04), have occupational disease (66.7%, p=0.01), and have witnessed any occupational accident in the electricity sector (66.1%, p<0.001). The incidence rate was moderately associated with the working unit (Cramer’sV=0.25), witnessing any occupational accident (Φ=0.29), and occupational disease (Φ=0.21). It was higher for those with shift work (52.0%; p=0.29) and with job insecurity (51.8%, p=0.11). The incidence rate of occupational accidents based on four-month follow-up was 0.53 person-year. The most frequent type of accident was explosion (14.3%), and the majority of the accidents resulted in injuries (78.6%). Conclusion: The incidence of occupational accidents among male workers in the electricity distribution company was higher than the national average. The accidents were significantly related to the working conditions.  }, Keywords = {Occupational accident, Electricity worker, Working conditions, Safety, Epidemiology}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1022-1035}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {عوامل موثر در آن در بین کارگران مرد در یک شرکت توزیع برق از استانبول ، ترکیهعوارض ناشی از تصادف شغلی و}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {Occupational Accident, Electricity Worker, Electric Distribution, Electricity Sector, Working Conditions}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7158}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AgyapongAfrifah, Kojo and Glalah, Mark}, title = {Ergonomic Design of University Classroom Furniture: Evaluation of Comfortability and Musculoskeletal Disorders}, abstract ={Background: Anthropometric studies are essential in furniture design to ensure comfortability and improved productivity of users. Methods: Equations based on anthropometric principles of Human Factors and Ergonomics were used to assess the match and mismatch between imported plastic and locally made wooden classroom furniture dimensions and student body measurements and their implications on comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders experienced by the students. Additionally, student’s comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced in using the furniture were confirmed with administration of questionnaires. Results: Match between student’s anthropometry and classroom furniture, included only underneath table height for the imported plastic furniture and chair seat height, width and underneath table height for the locally manufactured wooden furniture. Observed mismatches resulted in high incidence of MSDs including upper back (71.40%), lower back (58.30%), neck (51.90%), joint (39.10%), shoulder (32%), knee (25.20%) and wrist (22.60%) pains. The mismatches and prevalence of these MSDs were more in the female than male students. The use of the furniture was discomforting for students with only 6.60% being very comfortable using them. Conclusion: Recommended dimensions for ergonomically-designed furniture has been proposed to reduce MSDs the students suffer, improve student’s health, and promote comfortability to enhance their academic performance}, Keywords = {Anthropometry, Comfortability, Ergonomics, Furniture, Musculoskeletal disorders, Students}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1036-1048}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {Ergonomic Design of University Classroom Furniture: Evaluation of Comfortability and Musculoskeletal Disorders}, abstract_fa ={Background: Anthropometric studies are essential in furniture design to ensure comfortability and improved productivity of users. Methods: Equations based on anthropometric principles of Human Factors and Ergonomics were used to assess the match and mismatch between imported plastic and locally made wooden classroom furniture dimensions and student body measurements and their implications on comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders experienced by the students. Additionally, student’s comfortability and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced in using the furniture were confirmed with administration of questionnaires. Results: Match between student’s anthropometry and classroom furniture, included only underneath table height for the imported plastic furniture and chair seat height, width and underneath table height for the locally manufactured wooden furniture. Observed mismatches resulted in high incidence of MSDs including upper back (71.40%), lower back (58.30%), neck (51.90%), joint (39.10%), shoulder (32%), knee (25.20%) and wrist (22.60%) pains. The mismatches and prevalence of these MSDs were more in the female than male students. The use of the furniture was discomforting for students with only 6.60% being very comfortable using them. Conclusion: Recommended dimensions for ergonomically-designed furniture has been proposed to reduce MSDs the students suffer, improve student’s health, and promote comfortability to enhance their academic performance}, keywords_fa = {Anthropometry, Comfortability, Ergonomics, Furniture, Musculoskeletal disorders}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7159}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {FallahMadvari, Rohollah}, title = {Hearing Sensitivity of Iranians at A-weighted Sound Pressure Level}, abstract ={N oise is one of the most common physical harmful factors in the work environment. On March 2, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that by 2050, approximately 2.5 billion people (or one in every four) will have some degree of hearing loss. 1 According to the WHO, hearing loss affects many facets of a person's life, including communication, cognition, education, depression, etc. 2 Noise is responsible for one-third of hearing loss and has an important contribution to occupational diseases. 3 At present, to measure the noise exposure of workers, the frequency weighting of the sound level meter (SLM) is set to [A], simulated to the sensitivity of the human ear (as the human ear is less sensitive to the lower frequencies). It is also common to assess possible hearing damage using A-weighting. A-weighting is valid for showing the sensitivity of the human ear as a function of the frequency of pure tones but only for relatively quiet levels of sound. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) modified its standard curves defined in ISO 226:2003 by the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Japan. 4, 5 The ISO 226:2003 has proposed new curves by combining the results of several studies from Japan (most involved), Germany, Denmark, and the United States. 4 The question that arises is the validity of the proposed curve of Iranians? This question provides a basis for future national research to examine the degree of ear sensitivity in different regions of Iran, taking into account age and gender. It would shed light on the hearing sensitivity of Iranians according to the A-weighting. Finally, as the Executive Director of the AOH, I would ask the authors to submit their research papers in this field for publication in the AOH.}, Keywords = {Noise, Who}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1049-1050}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7160}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Dadfarma, Vahideh and soltanzadeh, ahmad and Ghiyasi, Samir}, title = {Analysis of Occupational Accidents: A Data Mining Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Despite efforts exerted in various areas of the industry to reduce occupational accidents, the frequency of these accidents is reported to be catastrophically high. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to analyze occupational accidents during a 3-year period. Methods: The current study was a retrospective and descriptive-analytical study carried out in four regions of Tehran between 2019-2020. The data collection instrument consisted of 818 reports of the occupational accident recorded in the Department of Labor in Tehran. Feature selection (IBM SPSS Modeler software) and binominal multiple logistic regression analysis (IBM SPSS software) were utilized in this study. Results: The means of age and experience of injured workers were  found to be 34.55±11.55 and 14.12±9.87, respectively. The highest rate of occupational accidents belonged to construction workshops (52.4%), production (24.4 %) and other public and social services activities (11.1 %). Data mining and modeling of factors affecting these occupational accidents showed that the consequence of the accidents was affected by seven factors (p<0.05). The results showed that the work experience, type of activity, number of workers, accident time on the day, type of incidence and the causes of the accident remained in the final model and were significant with the consequence of the occupational accidents (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that different parameters can affect the occurrence of occupational accidents. Additionally, the consequences of these occupational accidents can be influenced by different parameters and factors.}, Keywords = {Safety, Occupational accidents, Data mining, Retrospective study}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1051-1058}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7161}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Shaban, Iman and Farshad, Aliasghar and Yarahmadi, Rasoul and Mansourian, Morteza and KharghaniMoghadam, Seyedeh Melika and Abedi, Kamaladdin and Ebrahimi, Hossei}, title = {Exploring the Viewpoint of Oil Industry Employees about Factors Affecting the Success of Standard Operating Procedures}, abstract ={Background: Different factors affect the success of standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study was conducted to explore the viewpoints of employees of Tehran Oil Refining Company about factors affecting the usability of SOPs. Methods: This qualitative study was a conventional content analysis research conducted on the oil refining company employers 2020, using  the semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA software. Results: The results showed that the employees had a positive perception toward the standard operating procedures and most of them used these procedures to improve work performance and reduce accidents. Also, from the viewpoint of the employees, organizational factors (desirable organizational culture, continuous supervision and evaluation and assurance of accurate implementation of instructions, and continuous personnel training), individual factors (positive perception of the personnel about the organization goals, rules obedience of the personnel, positive experiences of personnel from the implementation of instructions in the past), and environmental factors (environmental dynamics and their related SOP dynamics, desirable but formal relationships of managers and supervisors with personnel as well as optimal and standard work schedule) had a positive effect on the applicability of these procedures. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the employees, consider standard operating procedures of organizational, individual, and environmental factors effective in using standard operating instructions. Therefore, to increase the applicability of these procedures, the employees should consider their opinions.  }, Keywords = {Chemical Industry, Standard Operating Procedures, Qualitative study, Safety}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1059-1067}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7162}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Tabanfar, Sara and Pourbabaki, Reza and sobhani, seyv}, title = {Relationship between Dimensions of Safety Climate and Unsafe Behaviors of the Construction Industry Workers}, abstract ={Background: Construction industry has been ranked among the most dangerous industries worldwide due to the high number of accidents. The safety climate can be considered as a stimulus to reduce unsafe behaviors and thus reduction the accidents. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of the safety climate and unsafe behavior of the construction workers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional research on 90 construction workers. Unsafe behaviors recorded using the American National Standards Institute method and interviews with the workers. The Safety Climate was measured using the UK health care Safety Climate Questionnaire. The descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to summarize the findings and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to show the relationship between the variables. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean and standard deviation of safety climate score and unsafe behavior were (3.98+ 0.27) and (45.93 + 17.3), respectively. There was a significant relationship between unsafe behaviors and staff knowledge (r = -0.31 and P = 0.004). We also found relationship between unsafe behavior and safety climate score (r = -0.21 and P = 0.043). Conclusion: The employees' knowledge was one of the most important components of workplace safety. Also, this component assigned itself the highest score, and increasing the score in this dimension of the safety climate can lead to reduction unsafe behavior. Finally, according to the results, as the safety climate among employees increases, unsafe behaviors will decrease, and productivity would be increase.}, Keywords = {Unsafe behavior, Safety climate, Construction workers, Workplace safety}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1068-1074}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {اعمال ناایمن, جو ایمنی, کارگران ساختمانی, ایمنی محیط کار}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7164}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Biabani, Azam and Zokaei, Mojtaba and Falahati, Mohsen and Ziamanesh, Shahl}, title = {Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Hearing Loss in Working Population}, abstract ={Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between demographic, social, and economic factors of employees and hearing loss. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the required data were extracted from the periodic medical examination of 987 workers in an automotive industry. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to study the associations. The data were analyzed in the SPSS software. Results: In this study, most of the subjects were in the age group of 30-49 years and also had less than 10 years of working experience. In terms of education level, most of them had a diploma. The relationship between work experience and hearing loss indicated profound hearing loss among a workers with 10 to 20 years of work experience. According to age, the subjects over the age of 55 years had the highest prevalence of hearing loss (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Age and work experience, education, income, and type of job are among the factors that could predict the at risk population for hearing loss.}, Keywords = {Hearing loss, Socioeconomic status, Automotive industry, Occupational health}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1075-1083}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7165}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rasheed, Tajudee}, title = {Occupational Lead Exposure and Safety Measures at Shooting Ranges: a Systematic Review}, abstract ={Background: Individuals at shooting ranges are exposed to high amount of lead fumes either indoor or outdoor. The shooters sprayed lead dust into the air upon discharge of the cartridge at arm’s length distance. Most of the previous studies conducted at shooting ranges focused on blood lead levels (BLLs) of exposed people and there are limited studies on the risk associated with the shooting of firearms. This study aimed to review previous studies on the hazards associated with the discharge of firearms, and safety measures at shooting ranges. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “indoor shooting ranges”, “outdoor shooting ranges”, “firearms shooting”, “lead poisoning hazard”, “blood lead biomarkers”, “permissible exposure limit”, and “safety practice on lead”. Results: The designated BLL for case definition in lead poisoning was between 0.1μg/dL - 0.49μg/dL. It was estimated that at Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). PEL of 0.5μg/m3, 95 percent of range users who are exposed to lead poisoning regularly can have BLL of <5μg/dL during 20 years of working life, while at 2.1μg/m3, 95 percent of the workers can have BLL of<10μg/dL during their working life. Conclusion: To protect firearm handlers and shooting range workers, policy on preventive measures should be implemented at shooting ranges by policymakers. Compliance with preventive measures is encouraged to avoid the high cost of rehabilitation lead poisoning. }, Keywords = {Shooting Ranges, Lead Poisoning Hazard, Firearm Handlers, Safety Measures}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {1084-1091}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i3.7171 }, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Laal, Fereydoon and FallahMadvari, Rohollah}, title = {Dynamic Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA): New Fields of Study in Risk Assessment}, abstract ={No abstract This article no has abstract}, Keywords = {no keywords}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1092-1093}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {Dynamic Quantitative Risk Assessment, artificial intelligence, uncertainty}, doi = { 10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7969}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Danial and Nasrabadi, Simi}, title = {Thermal Comfort Study Based on PMV-PPD in the Building of a Screening Center for COVID-19}, abstract ={Background: One way to achieve a standard heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system with maximum satisfaction is to use a thermal index to identify and determine the thermal comfort of people. In this study we intend to evaluate thermal comfort based on PMV-PPD (Predicted Mean Vote/Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) model in workers of screening center for COVID-19. Methods: The study period was from March 1 to October 31, 2020. In this study, we used the ISO 7730 model to determinate PMV-PPD index. PMV index  was used to determine thermal comfort at different scales in Birjand city with arid and hot climate. All data were analyzed  using R software (version 3.3.0) and IBM SPSS statistics softwares. Results: The maximum and minimum recorded physical PMV values in the study period were observed in June as (2.09 ± 0.03) and March as (-1.27 ± 0.14), respectively. The amplitude of the thermal sense in the study period was varied between slightly cool (-1.5) and warm (+2.5). The PPD in spring was 40% which indicated slightly warm to hot condition. Conclusions: The October was the only month during the study in which thermal stress was in comfort or neutral thermal condition.  Our results suggest that thermal comfort has dimensions and indices which are helpful in managing energy consumption.}, Keywords = {Thermal comfort, Predicted mean vote, Predicted percentage dissatisfied, Screening center, COVID-19}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1094-1099}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7970}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {samimi, kazem and sepehr, parvin and jabbari, mousa and erfanifard, marzieh and rezapour, shokoofeh}, title = {Assessing Safety Culture and its Relationship with Mental Load and Job Stress in the National Gas Company}, abstract ={Background: Accidents may occur for varying reasons, including unsafe behaviors, which originate from the safety culture of the organization. Job stress and mental load may also be contributory to accidents. This study aimed to assess safety culture and its relationship with mental load and job stress in a national gas company in Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year. This study used the NASA-TLX task load index, a standard questionnaire approved by the American National Institute of Mental Health to measure job stress, and the standard Health and Safety Executive safety culture questionnaire. All personnel was counted, and the total number of employees was 122. Statistical methods of t-test, correlation coefficient, and averaging have been used. Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS software and Microsoft Excel software. Results: The average mental load of employees was 61.51, i.e., moderate level. The average job stress and employee safety culture were 180.43, i.e., high level, and 331.34, i.e., desired level. The mental load was assessed as moderate, safety culture was optimal, and job stress was high. A significant relation was found between safety culture and mental load (correlation coefficient: -0.278; p = 0.03). Besides, the mental load was significantly related to job stress (correlation coefficient=0.293; p =  0.2).Conclusion: Controlling stress and reducing the mental load in sensitive work environments is important and can lead to a higher level of safety culture in the organization}, Keywords = {Safety culture, Mental load, Job stress, Gas}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1101-1108}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی فرهنگ ایمنی و ارتباط آن با بارذهنی و استرس شغلی در شرکت ملی گاز}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: برای به وقوع پیوستن حوادث، دلایل متعددی وجود دارد برخی از این دلایل شامل رفتارهای ناایمن می باشد که از فرهنگ ایمنی سازمان نشات میگیرد همچنین استرس شغلی و بار ذهنی نیز می تواند از عوامل تاثیر گذار در بروز حوادث باشند. در این مطالعه به ارزیابی فرهنگ ایمنی و ارتباط آن با بارذهنی و استرس شغلی در یکی از شرکت های ملی گاز در ایران پرداخته شده است. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر توصیفی –تحلیلی بوده که در مقطع زمانی یکساله  انجام گرفته است در این مطالعه  از شاخص  بار ذهنیNASA-TLX  ، پرسشنامه استاندارد  مورد تایید انیستیتوی بهداشت روانی آمریکا برای اندازه گیری استرش شغلی و پرسشنامه فرهنگ ایمنی استاندارد HSE استفاده شده است. نتایج: میانگین بار ذهنی کارکنان 61.51 یعنی  در حد متوسط بوده است میانگین استرس شغلی و فرهنگ ایمنی کارکنان به ترتیب   180.43 یعنی در حد زیاد و 331.34 در حد مطلوب بوده است.ین فرهنگ ایمنی و بار ذهنی از لحاظ آماری ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد. (ضریب همبستگی:  0.278 -وP Value = 0.030 ) بین بارذهنی و استرس شغلی ارتباط معنادار آماری وجود دارد. (ضریب همبستگی:  0.293 وP Value = 0.022 )) نتیجه گیری :کنترل استرس و کاهش بار ذهنی در محیط های کاری حساس  حایز اهمیت می باشد و باعث ارتقا سطح فرهنگ ایمنی در سازمان می گردد.}, keywords_fa = {فرهنگ ایمنی , بار ذهنی, استرس شغلی , گاز}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7978}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Behnoush and nezamodini, zeinab alsadat and sari, Hanan and hesam, saee}, title = {Risk Assessment by Job Safety Analysis and William Fine Method and Comparison with Workers\' Risk Perception Results}, abstract ={Background: Job analysis, detecting hazards, and measuring their relationship with risk perception in workers are efficient ways of preventing accidents. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to identify and assess the risk of job accidents in steel industry in the south of Iran in 2020 using job safety analysis and the William Fine method. The results are also compared with the workers' perception of risk. Methods: The study population consisted of workers in the supplementary section of the studied steel industry(N=169). All the collected data were analyzed in SPSS using frequency and percentage for description and simple/multivariate logistic regression for analysis with sig. equal to 0.05.  To determine the risks, JSA was used. Risk assessment was also performed using William Fine method, and then risk scores were obtained. Afterwards, Risk Perception Questionnaire was used to collect information about risk perception in the workers. Results:In total, 265 job activities along with 2684 risks were identified and evaluated in 7 units of sections in the steel industry. Conclusion: The results of risk assessment and risk perception in this study indicate that when safety risk is properly perceived by workers, the chance of observing safety codes and better detection of risks increases. Therefore, in the face of an unsafe condition at work, workers will be abed to make the right decision and control the risk and prevent work accidents by taking corrective measures and making safe and efficient decisions.}, Keywords = {Job safety Analysis, Risk assessment, Risk perception, Steel industry, William Fine}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1109-1117}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی ریسک به روش آنالیز ایمنی شغلی و ویلیام فاین و مقایسه با نتایج درک ریسک کارگران در یک صنعت فولاد}, abstract_fa ={سابقه و هدف: حوادث شغلی یکی از دلایل اصلی غیبت از کار کارگران شناخته شده است. آنالیز شغلی و شناسایی خطرات و ارتباط سنجی با درک ریسک کارگران می تواند در پیشگیری از حوادث موثر باشد. از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسک خطرات مشاغل در یکی از صنایع فولاد ایران جنوب ایران به روش آنالیز ایمنی شغلی و ویلیام فاین و مقایسه آن با نتایج درک ریسک کارگران انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر در سال 1399 در یکی از صنایع فولاد جنوب ایران انجام شد، جامعه مورد بررسی در این مطالعه، کارگران ناحیه تکمیلی بودند. درگام اول جهت شناسایی خطرات از روش آنالیز ایمنی شغلی استفاده شد. ارزیابی ریسک به روش ویلیام فاین انجام گردید و سپس نمره ریسک محاسبه گردید. در گام بعدی برای گردآوری اطلاعات درک ریسک  کارگران از شغل خود از پرسشنامه درک ریسک استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج ارزیابی ریسک در واحدهای مکانیک ناحیه تکمیلی ، مکانیک جرثقیل های سقفی و هیدرولیک و روان کاری بیانگر آن است که واحد های یاد شده از سطح ریسک خطرات پایین تری برخوردارند، اما نتایج درک ریسک کارگران در واحدهای  مذکور بالا   می باشد. ادراک فرد از غیر قابل پیشگیری بودن آن تاثیری منفی و معکوس خواهد داشت؛ از این جهت درک نادرست از خطر منجر می شود که کارگران به رفتارهای ناایمن روی آورند. نتیجه گیری: آموزش نقش مهمی در بهبود تشخیص و شناسایی خطر دارد و برای بهبود درک خطر، داشتن مهارت درک خطر بسیار مهم است. آموزش ایمنی با کیفیت بالا می توانند با تأثیر مثبت بر درک کارگران از مسائل ایمنی ، انگیزه آنها برای پیروی از روش های ایمنی و انطباق واقعی ایمنی تأثیر مستقیمی بر درک خطر داشته باشند.}, keywords_fa = {ارزیابی ریسک , آنالیز ایمنی شغلی, ویلیام فاین, درک ریسک, صنعت فولاد}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7972}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Soltanzadeh, Ahmad and Rahimi, Faezeh and Ghiyasi, Samira and Hashemzadeh, Farshad and MomeniFarahani, Farshi}, title = {Investigating the Effective Climate on Transfer of Lessons Learned and Providing Solutions to Improve the Effectiveness of HSE Training Courses}, abstract ={Background: Today's businesses spend a lot of money on educating their personnel. What matters is that people use their knowledge to their jobs. The goal of this study was to look into the environment that affects learning transfer and come up with a solution to increase the effectiveness of health, safety and environment (HSE) courses. Methods: In 2020, a cross-sectional study was done at the Tehran Oil Refining Company. The number of samples was 200, according to Cochran's formula. The major data gathering technique was a 20-item questionnaire created by the researcher. The multivariate regression model was used to analyze the study data, which was done with IBM SPSS software. Results: The questionnaire's content validity and reliability were estimated to be 0.83 and 0.929, respectively. 3.68±0.22 was the atmospheric indicator that proved effective in transferring learning and providing a way to increase the effectiveness of HSE training. The climate index affecting the transfer of learning had a significant link with the parameters of work experience (p = 0.02), education (p = 0.03), and kind of employment (P = 0.01), according to the results of linear multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: The atmospheric index influencing learning transfer and proposing a solution to increase the efficacy of HSE courses in the Tehran Oil Refining Company was deemed favorable. The outcomes of this study revealed that supervisors on job units in this business provide a supportive environment that is perfectly aligned with encouraging learners to enroll in training courses.}, Keywords = {Effective climate, Transfer of learning, Effectiveness, Oil refining company}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1118-1124}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {بررسی جو موثر بر انتقال آموخته ها و ارائه راهکار جهت ارتقا اثربخشی دوره‌های آموزشی HSE}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: امروزه، سازمان‌ها اقدام به سرمایه‌گذاری های گسترده ای برای برگزاری دوره های آموزشی و توانمند ساختن کارکنان می کنند. اما آن چه اهمیت به سزایی دارد این است که کارکنان دانش و مهارت‌های آموخته را به کارشان انتقال دهند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی جو موثر بر انتقال آموخته ها و ارائه راهکار جهت ارتقا اثربخشی دوره های HSE طراحی و انجام شده است. روش:  این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی در شرکت پالایش نفت تهران در سال 1399 انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کارکنان و مدیران بخش‌خای مختلف این صنعت بودند. بر اساس فرمول کوکران، تعداد نمونه‌ها 200 نفر بود. ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه محقق ساختی بود که شامل 20 گویه بود. تحلیل داده‌های مطالعه با استفاده از نرم افزار IBM SPSS نسخه 0/22 انجام شده است. یافته‌ها: پایایی پرسشنامه مورد استفاده برابر با 929/0= α برآورد شد. شاخص جو موثر بر انتقال آموخته ها و ارائه راهکار جهت ارتقا اثربخشی دوره های HSE 22/0±68/3 بود. نتایج آنالیز رگرسیونی چند متغیره خطی نشان داد شاخص جو موثر بر انتقال آموخته ها با فاکتورهای سابقه کار، تحصیلات و نوع استخدام دارای ارتباط معنی دار می باشند. این نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ارتباط شاخص جو موثر به ترتیب با متغیرهای تحصیلات (18/2=B)، نوع استخدام (62/1=B) و سابقه کار (55/1=B) بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: شاخص جو موثر بر انتقال آموخته ها و ارائه راهکار جهت ارتقا اثربخشی دوره های HSE در شرکت پالایش نفت تهران مطلوب برآورد شد. یافته‌های این مطالعه بیانگر این بود که جو موثر حاکم از طرف مدیران بر واحد های شغلی در این صنعت یک جو حمایتی بوده و کاملا در راستای تشویق و ترغیب فراگیران به شرکت در دوره های آموزشی می باشد.}, keywords_fa = {جو موثر, انتقال آموخته‌ها, اثربخشی, شرکت پالایش نفت تهران.}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7974}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AskariMajdabadi, masoud and mousavi, seyed mahdi and Yazdanirad, saeid and parihadi, sogand and hosseini, seyyedeh shadi and beiruti, mohammad and rezaei, hossein and khospasand, fateme and najarian, faranak}, title = {The Effects of Nurses\' Personal and Professional Characteristics on Needle Stick Injuries}, abstract ={Background: Nurses face many professional dangers such as needle stick injuries. This study investigated the effects of nurses' personal and professional characteristics on needle stick injuries. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 200 nursing staff in a hospital. The sampling method was the classified method. Participants were asked to complete a researcher-made questionnaire on personal characteristics (age, work experience, gender, marital status, and educational level) and job (work department, number of shifts per month, and type of work shift). Also, the number of their needle stick events was extracted from their medical records. Results: The prevalence of needle sticks was 45.5%. Based on individual characteristics, the mean age and work experience of people with a history of needle stick are significantly lower than people without a history of needle stick (P <0.03). There was a significant relationship between needle stick history and educational level (P <0.00). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups without and with a history of needle stick in terms of marital status (P = 0.11) and gender (P = 0.13). Based on job characteristics, there were significant relationships between the history of needle stick with the variables of type of work shift (P = 0.00) and the number of shifts per month (P <0.00). Conclusion: Some personal and professional characteristics effective in needle sticking were identified. These findings can be used as a guide to prioritize individuals to take precautionary measures against needle sticking.}, Keywords = {Personal characteristics, Job characteristics, Nurses, Needle stick injuries}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1125-1130}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {بررسی تاثیر مشخصات فردی و شغلی پرستاران بر وقوع صدمات نیدل استیک در یکی از بیمارستان های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, abstract_fa ={چکیده مقدمه: پرستاران با خطرات شغلی زیادی نظیر صدمات نیدل استیک در بیمارستان مواجهه دارند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مشخصات فردی و شغلی پرستاران بر وقوع صدمات نیدل استیک در یکی از بیمارستان های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران انجام گردید. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر به صورت مقطعی روی 200 نفر از کادر پرستاری یکی از بیمارستان های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران انجام شد. افراد برای شرکت در مطالعه به صورت تصادفی طبقه بندی شده در بخش های مختلف بیمارستان انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها، از افراد درخواست گردید که پرسشنامه مشخصات فردی و شغلی را تکمیل نمایند. همچنین، تعداد حوادث نیدل استیک افراد شرکت کننده از سوابق پزشکی آنها استخراج گردید. یافته ها: میزان وقوع نیدل استیک در افراد برابر با 5/45 درصد بود. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افراد با سابقه نیدل استیک به طور قابل توجهی دارای متوسط سن کمتر، سابقه کاری کمتر، تعداد شیفت کاری بیشتر در ماه و شیفت کاری چرخشی نسبت به افراد بدون سابقه نیدل استیک بودند (P < 0.001). همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که میانگین تعداد نیدل استیک شدن به طور معنی داری در افراد با سطح تحصیلات دیپلم نسبت به لیسانس و در مردان نسبت به زنان بالاتر بود (P < 0.001). نتیجه گیری: احتمال وقوع صدمات نیدل استیک در بیمارستان به ویژه در بخش های اتاق اورژانس، اتاق عمل و داخلی بالا بود. همچنین، برخی از مشخصات فردی و شغلی موثر بر وقوع نیدل استیک شدن در این مطالعه شناسایی گردیدند}, keywords_fa = {مشخصات فردی, مشخصات شغلی, پرستاران, صدمات نیدل استیک}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7976}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Behnoush and Shirali, Gholamabbas and Amini, Payam and Kohnavard, bahram and Jazayeri, seyd Ami}, title = {The Impact of Organizational Culture on Safety-conscious Considering the Mediating Role of Employees\' Job Satisfaction: A Case Study}, abstract ={Background: Employees' awareness about safety is a required element to develop a safe behavior so that it allows designing programs to improve safety performance at work. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine the effects of organizational culture on personal safety level with employees' satisfaction as a mediation variable. Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted with 229 steel industry workers using a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire had 47 items arranged in two sections, including demographics and job information as section one and organizational culture, personnel safety awareness, and employees' satisfaction as section two. Data analyses were done using SPSS and LISREL, and the relationships between the variables were determined using a structural equations model. Results: The mean score of satisfaction and personnel safety awareness was equal to 54.58 and 8.65, respectively. The highest mean score of organizational culture dimensions was obtained for patriarchy vs. matriarchy (33.2), and the lowest mean score was obtained for individualism vs. collectivism (16.08). Organizational culture was notably and positively affected by individualism vs. collectivism, avoiding uncertainty, and distance from power. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the total mean score of the dimensions of the organizational culture questionnaire and work wards (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that organizational culture has a direct relationship with personnel safety awareness and job satisfaction. These results point out that the human factor has the most important role in preventing occupational accidents. Accordingly, businesses and employers should establish and disseminate organizational culture in their organizations.}, Keywords = {Organizational culture, Safety-conscious, Job satisfaction, Steel industry}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1131-1138}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {بررسی تاثیر فرهنگ سازمانی بر آگاهی ایمنی با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجی رضایت شغلی کارکنان: (مطالعه موردی در یکی از صنایع فولاد ایران)}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: آگاهی کارکنان نسبت به  ایمنی از عناصر مورد نیاز جهت توسعه رفتار ایمن می باشد که اجازه می دهد برنامه های بهبود عملکرد ایمنی برای محیط کار طراحی گردد. از طرفی نهادینه نمودن فرهنگ ایمنی بدون توجه به رضایت شغلی افراد نیز محکوم به شکست خواهد بود. لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تأثیر فرهنگ سازمانی بر سطح آگاهی ایمنی با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجی رضایت کارکنان در یکی از صنایع فولاد ایران می باشد. روش کار: در مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی و مقطعی حاضر، 229 نفر از کارکنان فولاد با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه استاندارد مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این پرسشنامه دارای 47 سوال و مشتمل بر دو بخش است که بخش اول آن مربوط به اطلاعات دموگرافیک و شغلی کارکنان و بخش دوم آن مربوط به فرهنگ سازمانی(مردسالاری در برابر زن سالاری، فردگرایی نسبت به جمع گرایی، اجتناب از عدم اطمینان، فاصله از قدرت)، آگاهی ایمنی پرسنل و رضایت کارکنان می باشد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده و تعیین روابط بین متغیرها نیز از مدل معادلات ساختاری با بهره گیری از نرم افزار آماری SPSS وLISREL   استفاده شد . یافته ها: میانگین رضایت و آگاهی ایمنی کارکنان به ترتیب 58/54 و 65/8 بدست آمد. بالاترین نمره میانگین در ابعاد فرهنگ سازمانی به ترتیب مربوط به بعد فاکتور مردسالاری در برابر زن سالاری(42/33) و کمترین نمره میانگین مربوط به بعد فردگرایی نسبت به جمع گرایی(08/16) بود. فرهنگ سازمانی به طور قابل توجهی و مثبت تحت تأثیر فردگرایی در برابر جمع گرایی، اجتناب از عدم اطمینان و دوری از قدرت قرار می گیرد. همچنین ارتباط معنی داری بین میانگین نمره کل ابعاد پرسشنامه فرهنگ سازمانی با واحدهای شغلی دیده شد(P<0.001).                                       نتیجه گیری:  این مطالعه نشان داد که فرهنگ سازمانی با آگاهی ایمنی کارکنان و رضایت شغلی آنها ارتباط مستقیم دارد.}, keywords_fa = {فرهنگ سازمانی, آگاهی ایمنی, رضایت شغلی, صنعت فولاد}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7977}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Soltanzadeh, Ahmad and Ghaderi, Fatemeh and Ghiyasi, Samira and Moohammadi, Mil}, title = {The Relationship between the Economic Consequences of Accidents and Safety Measures: A Case Study}, abstract ={Background: Accidents impose harmful economic consequences for workers, employers, and society. The present study aimed to evaluate the economic consequences of occupational accidents. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the Iranian Gas Engineering and Development Company in 2020. Data collection tools were a checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software and the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The reliability of this questionnaire was estimated at α = 0.87. The average lost work day caused by occupational accidents was 36.67 days and the average cost imposed for each accident was 23.97 million Tomans. The total safety index in the studied environment was calculated at 3.59± 1.01. The results of linear multivariate regression analysis indicated that the cost imposed for each accident has a significant relationship with accident type and accident consequence, level of education, number of workers, training hours, work experience, salary, and total safety index (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the economic performance of a company can be affected by individual, occupational, and most importantly safety factors of the company. In addition, such factors are considered as strong predictors for economic safety performance.}, Keywords = {Occupational accident, Economic consequence, Accidents cost, Safety index}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {1139-1147}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science}, title_fa = {ارزیابی پیامدهای اقتصادی ناشی از بروز حوادث شغلی: یک مطالعه موردی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: حوادث دارای پیامدهای اقتصادی زیانبار برای کارگر، کارفرما و جامعه می‌باشد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پیامدهای اقتصادی ناشی از بروز حوادث شغلی طراحی و انجام شده است. روش: این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی در شرکت مهندسی و توسعه گاز ایران در سال 1399 انجام شده است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها شامل چک‌لیست و پرسشنامه محقق ساخت بود. پایایی این پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد. تحلیل داده‌های این مطالعه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 0/23 انجام شده و سطح معنی‌داری نیز 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: پایایی این پرسشنامه برابر با 87/0= α برآورد شد. میانگین روز کاری از دست رفته ناشی از این حوادث مورد شغلی 67/36 روز و میانگین هزینه تحمیلی به ازای هر حادثه 97/23 میلیون تومان برآورد شد. شاخص ایمنی کل در محیط مورد مطالعه  01/1±59/3 محاسبه گردید. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره خطی نشان داد هزینه تحمیلی به ازای هر حادثه با فاکتورهای نوع حادثه و پیامد حادثه، میزان تحصیلات، میزان نفر ساعت آموزش، سابقه کاری، میزان حقوق و همچنین شاخص ایمنی کل دارای ارتباط معنی‌دار می‌باشد (05/0>p). نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های مطالعه بیانگر این بود که عملکرد اقتصادی یک شرکت می‌تواند تحت تاثیر فاکتورهای فردی، شغلی و از همه مهمتر عملکرد ایمنی آن شرکت قرار گیرد و این فاکتورها به عنوان پیش‌بینی کننده‌های قوی برای عملکرد اقتصادی ایمنی به شمار می‌روند.  }, keywords_fa = {حادثه شغلی, پیامد اقتصادی, هزینه حوادث, شاخص ایمنی.}, doi = {10.18502/aoh.v5i4.7971}, url = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Occupational Health}, issn = {2588-3070}, eissn = {2588-3690}, year = {2021} }