Volume 5, Issue 3 (july 2021)                   AOH 2021, 5(3): 1084-1091 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Rasheed T. Occupational Lead Exposure and Safety Measures at Shooting Ranges: a Systematic Review. AOH 2021; 5 (3) :1084-1091
URL: http://aoh.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html
Lecturer/Trainer, Department of Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Studies, Training & Research Institute, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Academy, Karu, Abuja, Nigeria , tajrash2005@gmail.com
Abstract:   (1355 Views)
Background: Individuals at shooting ranges are exposed to high amount of lead fumes either indoor or outdoor. The shooters sprayed lead dust into the air upon discharge of the cartridge at arm’s length distance. Most of the previous studies conducted at shooting ranges focused on blood lead levels (BLLs) of exposed people and there are limited studies on the risk associated with the shooting of firearms. This study aimed to review previous studies on the hazards associated with the discharge of firearms, and safety measures at shooting ranges. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “indoor shooting ranges”, “outdoor shooting ranges”, “firearms shooting”, “lead poisoning hazard”, “blood lead biomarkers”, “permissible exposure limit”, and “safety practice on lead”. Results: The designated BLL for case definition in lead poisoning was between 0.1μg/dL - 0.49μg/dL. It was estimated that at Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). PEL of 0.5μg/m3, 95 percent of range users who are exposed to lead poisoning regularly can have BLL of <5μg/dL during 20 years of working life, while at 2.1μg/m3, 95 percent of the workers can have BLL of<10μg/dL during their working life. Conclusion: To protect firearm handlers and shooting range workers, policy on preventive measures should be implemented at shooting ranges by policymakers. Compliance with preventive measures is encouraged to avoid the high cost of rehabilitation lead poisoning. 
Full-Text [PDF 2835 kb]   (216 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (11186 Views)  
Type of Study: Review | Subject: General
Received: 2020/02/1 | Accepted: 2021/07/17 | Published: 2021/07/28

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Archives of Occupational Health

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb